arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2011
We present a dialogue on Counterparty Credit Risk touching on Credit Value at Risk (Credit VaR), Potential Future Exposure (PFE), Expected Exposure (EE), Expected Positive Exposure (EPE), Credit Valuation Adjustment (CVA), Debit Valuation Adjustment (DVA), DVA Hedging, Closeout conventions, Netting clauses, Collateral modeling, Gap Risk, Re-hypothecation, Wrong Way Risk, Basel III, inclusion of Funding costs, First t…
Damiano Brigo
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2010
Bilateral CVA as currently implement has the counterintuitive effect of profiting from one's own widening CDS spreads, i.e. increased risk of default, in practice. The unified picture of CVA and liquidity introduced by Morini & Prampolini 2010 has contributed to understanding this. However, there are two significant omissions for practical implementation that come from the same source, i.e. positions not booked in us…
Chris Kenyon
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2015
This article presents FVA and CVA of a bilateral derivative in a coherent manner, based on recent developments in fair value accounting and ISDA standards. We argue that a derivative liability, after primary risk factors being hedged, resembles in economics an issued variable funding note, and should be priced at the market rate of the issuer's debt. For the purpose of determining the fair value, the party on the lia…
Wujiang Lou
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2012
In this paper we discuss the issue of computation of the bilateral credit valuation adjustment (CVA) under rating triggers, and in presence of ratings-linked margin agreements. Specifically, we consider collateralized OTC contracts, that are subject to rating triggers, between two parties -- an investor and a counterparty. Moreover, we model the margin process as a functional of the credit ratings of the counterparty…
Tomasz R. Bielecki, Igor Cialenco, Ismail Iyigunler
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2026
Although climate and nature related scenario analysis is increasingly important in finance, operational implementations remain limited for translating long horizon environmental scenarios into counterparty credit risk measures used in pricing and regulatory capital. We propose an environmental valuation adjustment framework for CVA with three components: (i) a scenario to credit translation that maps environmental sc…
Takayuki Sakuma
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2026
The development of credit valuation adjustment (CVA) (valuation adjustments [XVA]) [Green] has increased the importance of simple interest rate models such as the Hull-White model [Tan14] [Tsuchiya]. This is because the XVA model is an FX hybrid model, and is tractable only when the interest rate part is a simple Gaussian model. For the XVA calculation of interest rate instruments, de-correlation of the yield curve c…
Osamu Tsuchiya
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2022
In this work we present a general representation formula for the price of a vulnerable European option, and the related CVA in stochastic (either rough or not) volatility models for the underlying's price, when admitting correlation with the default event. We specialize it for some volatility models and we provide price approximations, based on the representation formula. We study numerically their accuracy, comparin…
Elisa Alòs, Fabio Antonelli, Alessandro Ramponi, Sergio Scarlatti
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2020
In this paper, we propose a neural network-based method for CVA computations of a portfolio of derivatives. In particular, we focus on portfolios consisting of a combination of derivatives, with and without true optionality, \textit{e.g.,} a portfolio of a mix of European- and Bermudan-type derivatives. CVA is computed, with and without netting, for different levels of WWR and for different levels of credit quality o…
Kristoffer Andersson, Cornelis W. Oosterlee
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2020
General wrong way risk (WWR) estimation is necessary for regulatory CVA capital and useful for pricing CVA and FVA. We introduce a model independent method for calculating WWR and update the definition of WWR to deal with the lack of replication instruments (calibration data) transparently. This model independent approach is extremely simple: we just re-write the CVA and FVA integral expressions in terms of their com…
Chris Kenyon, Mourad Berrahoui, Benjamin Poncet
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2019
Modeling counterparty risk is computationally challenging because it requires the simultaneous evaluation of all the trades with each counterparty under both market and credit risk. We present a multi-Gaussian process regression approach, which is well suited for OTC derivative portfolio valuation involved in CVA computation. Our approach avoids nested simulation or simulation and regression of cash flows by learning…
Stéphane Crépey, Matthew Dixon
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2019
In this work we want to provide a general principle to evaluate the CVA (Credit Value Adjustment) for a vulnerable option, that is an option subject to some default event, concerning the solvability of the issuer. CVA is needed to evaluate correctly the contract and it is particularly important in presence of WWR (Wrong Way Risk), when a credit deterioration determines an increase of the claim's price. In particular,…
Elisa Alos, Fabio Antonelli, Alessandro Ramponi, Sergio Scarlatti
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2018
A new challenge to quantitative finance after the recent financial crisis is the study of credit valuation adjustment (CVA), which requires modeling of the future values of a portfolio. In this paper, following recent work in [Weinan E(2017), Han(2017)], we apply deep learning to attack this problem. The future values are parameterized by neural networks, and the parameters are then determined through optimization. T…
Jian-Huang She, Dan Grecu
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2016
The two main issues for managing wrong way risk (WWR) for the credit valuation adjustment (CVA, i.e. WW-CVA) are calibration and hedging. Hence we start from a novel model-free worst-case approach based on static hedging of counterparty exposure with liquid options. We say "start from" because we demonstrate that a naive worst-case approach contains hidden unrealistic assumptions on the variance of the hazard rate (i…
Chris Kenyon, Andrew Green
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2013
In this article, we combine replication pricing with expectation pricing for derivative trades that are partially collateralized by cash. The derivatives are replicated by underlying assets and cash, using repurchasing agreement (repo) and margining, which incur funding costs. We derive a partial differential equation (PDE) for the derivatives price, obtain and decompose its solution into the risk-free value of the d…
Lixin Wu
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2009
This paper introduces a new semi-parametric approach to the pricing and risk management of bespoke CDO tranches, with a particular attention to bespokes that need to be mapped onto more than one reference portfolio. The only user input in our framework is a multi-factor model (a "prior" model hereafter) for index portfolios, such as CDX.NA.IG or iTraxx Europe, that are chosen as benchmark securities for the pricing o…
Igor Halperin
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2020
This study contributes to understanding Valuation Adjustments (xVA) by focussing on the dynamic hedging of Credit Valuation Adjustment (CVA), corresponding Profit & Loss (P&L) and the P&L explain. This is done in a Monte Carlo simulation setting, based on a theoretical hedging framework discussed in existing literature. We look at hedging CVA market risk for a portfolio with European options on a stock, first in a Bl…
T. van der Zwaard, L. A. Grzelak, C. W. Oosterlee
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2018
This article presents a generic model for pricing financial derivatives subject to counterparty credit risk. Both unilateral and bilateral types of credit risks are considered. Our study shows that credit risk should be modeled as American style options in most cases, which require a backward induction valuation. To correct a common mistake in the literature, we emphasize that the market value of a defaultable deriva…
David Lee
arXiv · arXiv · 2016
We take the holistic approach of computing an OTC claim value that incorporates credit and funding liquidity risks and their interplays, instead of forcing individual price adjustments: CVA, DVA, FVA, KVA. The resulting nonlinear mathematical problem features semilinear PDEs and FBSDEs. We show that for the benchmark vulnerable claim there is an analytical solution, and we express it in terms of the Black-Scholes for…
Damiano Brigo, Cristin Buescu, Marek Rutkowski