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Results for “ES” · papers 18 · wiki 36
Academic Papers · 18arXiv q-fin live 8 · desk corpus 115
OpenAlex · Review of Financial Studies · 2005 · cites 928

How Often to Sample a Continuous-Time Process in the Presence of Market Microstructure Noise

In theory, the sum of squares of log returns sampled at high frequency estimates their variance. When market microstructure noise is present but unaccounted for, however, we show that the optimal sampling frequency is finite and derives its closed-form expression. But even with optimal sampling, using say 5-min returns when transactions are recorded every second, a vast amount of data is discarded, in contradiction t

Yacine Aı̈t-Sahalia, Per A. Mykland, Lan Zhang
OpenAlex · The Journal of Finance · 2001 · cites 2183

The Determinants of Credit Spread Changes

ABSTRACT Using dealer's quotes and transactions prices on straight industrial bonds, we investigate the determinants of credit spread changes. Variables that should in theory determine credit spread changes have rather limited explanatory power. Further, the residuals from this regression are highly cross‐correlated, and principal components analysis implies they are mostly driven by a single common factor. Although

Pierre Collin-Dufresn, Robert S. Goldstein, J. Spencer Martin
OpenAlex · Econometrica · 2001 · cites 1388

Term Structures of Credit Spreads with Incomplete Accounting Information

We study the implications of imperfect information for term structures of credit spreads on corporate bonds. We suppose that bond investors cannot observe the issuer’s assets directly, and receive instead only periodic and imperfect accounting reports. For a setting in which the assets of the firm are a geometric Brownian motion until informed equityholders optimally liquidate, we derive the conditional distribution

Darrell Duffie, David Lando
OpenAlex · European Finance Review · 2014 · cites 64

Assessing Measures of Order Flow Toxicity and Early Warning Signals for Market Turbulence

Abstract Following the “flash crash” on May 6, 2010, warning signals for impending market stress have been in high demand, yet only the VPIN metric of Easley, López de Prado, and O’Hara (ELO) has claimed success. In addition, ELO find the metric useful in predicting short-term volatility. VPIN involves decomposing volume into active buys and sells. We utilize quotes and trade data to construct an accurate trade class

Torben G. Andersen, Oleg Bondarenko
OpenAlex · The Journal of Finance · 1999 · cites 728

Price Formation and Liquidity in the U.S. Treasury Market: The Response to Public Information

The arrival of public information in the U.S. Treasury market sets off a two‐stage adjustment process for prices, trading volume, and bid‐ask spreads. In a brief first stage, the release of a major macroeconomic announcement induces a sharp and nearly instantaneous price change with a reduction in trading volume, demonstrating that price reactions to public information do not require trading. The spread widens dramat

Michael J. Fleming, Eli M. Remolona
OpenAlex · BIS quarterly review · 2016 · cites 151

Covered interest parity lost: understanding the cross-currency basis

Covered interest parity verges on a physical law in international finance. And yet it has been systematically violated since the Great Financial Crisis. Especially puzzling have been the violations since 2014, even once banks had strengthened their balance sheets and regained easy access to funding. We offer a framework to think about these violations, stressing the combination of hedging demand and tighter limits to

Claudio Borio, Robert N. McCauley, Patrick McGuire, Vladyslav Sushko
OpenAlex · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · 2015 · cites 893

The High-Frequency Trading Arms Race: Frequent Batch Auctions as a Market Design Response *

Abstract The high-frequency trading arms race is a symptom of flawed market design. Instead of the continuous limit order book market design that is currently predominant, we argue that financial exchanges should use frequent batch auctions: uniform price double auctions conducted, for example, every tenth of a second. That is, time should be treated as discrete instead of continuous, and orders should be processed i

Eric Budish, Peter Cramton, John J. Shim
OpenAlex · Quantitative Finance · 2010 · cites 340

Statistical arbitrage in the US equities market

We study model-driven statistical arbitrage in U.S. equities. The trading signals are generated in two ways: using Principal Component Analysis and using sector ETFs. In both cases, we consider the residuals, or idio-syncratic components of stock returns, and model them as mean-reverting processes. This leads naturally to “contrarian ” trading signals. The main contribution of the paper is the construction, back-test

Marco Avellaneda, Jeong-Hyun Lee
OpenAlex · 2009 · cites 353

High-Frequency Trading: A Practical Guide to Algorithmic Strategies and Trading Systems

Acknowledgments. Chapter 1 Introduction. Chapter 2 Evolution of High-Frequency Trading. Financial Markets And Technological Innovation. Evolution Of Trading Methodology. Chapter 3 Overview of the Business of High-Frequency Trading. Comparison With Traditional Approaches to Trading. Market Participants. Operating Model. Economics. Capitalizing a High-Frequency Trading Business. Conclusion. Chapter 4 Financial Markets

Irene Aldridge
OpenAlex · Quantitative Finance · 2016 · cites 154

The profitability of pairs trading strategies: distance, cointegration and copula methods

We perform an extensive and robust study of the performance of three different pairs trading strategies—the distance, cointegration and copula methods—on the entire US equity market from 1962 to 2014 with time-varying trading costs. For the cointegration and copula methods, we design a computationally efficient two-step pairs trading strategy. In terms of economic outcomes, the distance, cointegration and copula meth

Hossein Rad, Rand Kwong Yew Low, Robert W. Faff
OpenAlex · The Journal of Alternative Investments · 1998 · cites 48

Spot Returns, Roll Yield, and Diversification with Commodity Futures

MARK J. P. ANSON is affiliated with OppenheimerFunds, Inc., in New York. R ecent academic and practitioner Ž research Schneeweis 1996 ; . Schneeweis and Spurgin 1998 has emphasized the diversification benefits of a wide range of alternative investments including managed futures products as well as hedge funds. Many of these alternative investment products are based on active management strategies that often concentra

Mark J. P. Anson
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2014

VAR and ES/CVAR Dependence on data cleaning and Data Models: Analysis and Resolution

Historical (Stressed-) Value-at-Risk ((S)VAR), and Expected Shortfall (ES), are widely used risk measures in regulatory capital and Initial Margin, i.e. funding, computations. However, whilst the definitions of VAR and ES are unambiguous, they depend on input distributions that are data-cleaning- and Data-Model-dependent. We quantify the scale of these effects from USD CDS (2004--2014), and from USD interest rates (1

Chris Kenyon, Andrew Green
arXiv · arXiv · 2026

Hybrid Hidden Markov Model for Modeling Equity Excess Growth Rate Dynamics: A Discrete-State Approach with Jump-Diffusion

Generating synthetic financial time series that preserve the statistical properties of real market data is essential for stress testing, risk model validation, and scenario design. Existing approaches struggle to simultaneously reproduce heavy-tailed distributions, negligible linear autocorrelation, and persistent volatility clustering. We developed a hybrid hidden Markov framework that discretized excess growth rate

Abdulrahman Alswaidan, Jeffrey D. Varner
OpenAlex · Review of Financial Studies · 2019 · cites 2820

The Importance of Climate Risks for Institutional Investors

Abstract According to our survey about climate risk perceptions, institutional investors believe climate risks have financial implications for their portfolio firms and that these risks, particularly regulatory risks, already have begun to materialize. Many of the investors, especially the long-term, larger, and ESG-oriented ones, consider risk management and engagement, rather than divestment, to be the better appro

Philipp Krueger, Zacharias Sautner, Laura T. Starks
OpenAlex · The Journal of Finance · 2000 · cites 1005

Option Prices, Implied Price Processes, and Stochastic Volatility

This paper characterizes all continuous price processes that are consistent with current option prices. This extends Derman and Kani (1994) , Dupire (1994 , 1997 ), and Rubinstein (1994) , who only consider processes with deterministic volatility. Our characterization implies a volatility forecast that does not require a specific model, only current option prices. We show how arbitrary volatility processes can be adj

Mark Britten‐Jones, Anthony Neuberger
OpenAlex · The Journal of Finance · 1998 · cites 5765

Investor Psychology and Security Market Under‐ and Overreactions

ABSTRACT We propose a theory of securities market under‐ and overreactions based on two well‐known psychological biases: investor overconfidence about the precision of private information; and biased self‐attribution, which causes asymmetric shifts in investors' confidence as a function of their investment outcomes. We show that overconfidence implies negative long‐lag autocorrelations, excess volatility, and, when m

Kent Daniel, David Hirshleifer, Avanidhar Subrahmanyam
OpenAlex · Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis · 2013 · cites 243

Improving Portfolio Selection Using Option-Implied Volatility and Skewness

Abstract Our objective in this paper is to examine whether one can use option-implied information to improve the selection of mean-variance portfolios with a large number of stocks, and to document which aspects of option-implied information are most useful to improve their out-of-sample performance. Portfolio performance is measured in terms of volatility, Sharpe ratio, and turnover. Our empirical evidence shows tha

Victor DeMiguel, Yuliya Plyakha, Raman Uppal, Grigory Vilkov
Semantic Scholar · Journal of international financial markets, institutions, and money · 2020 · cites 6

No-arbitrage determinants of credit spread curves under the unconventional monetary policy regime in Japan

Abstract We introduce an affine term structure model with observed macroeconomic factors for credit spread curves under the unconventional monetary policy regime in Japan. Empirical results based on the model selection using Japanese data demonstrate that the credit spread curves are dominated by the monetary policy and suggest that global economic forces, such as the U.S. Treasury yield and Baa-Aaa credit spread, pl

Tatsuyoshi Okimoto, Sumiko Takaoka
Wiki Entities · 36
Economy

China Credit Impulse

China credit impulse measures the change in new credit growth relative to GDP and is widely used as a leading indicator for Chinese demand and global cyclical momentum.

Emerging Markets

EMBI Sovereign Spread

EMBI sovereign spread measures the yield premium on emerging-market sovereign debt over U.S. Treasuries and serves as a key gauge of EM credit risk and external financing stress.

FX

Dollar Index vs EM FX Basket

Comparing DXY with an EM FX basket helps assess whether dollar strength is becoming a broader external-financing stress event for emerging markets.

Liquidity

Money Market Fund Assets

Money market fund assets track the amount of cash parked in short-term low-risk vehicles, providing insight into liquidity preference, deposit substitution, and defensive positioning.

Liquidity

Bank Term Funding Program Usage

BTFP usage tracks how much funding banks obtain through the Bank Term Funding Program, offering insight into balance-sheet stress and demand for official liquidity backstops.

Liquidity

Discount Window Borrowing

Discount Window borrowing measures bank use of Federal Reserve emergency liquidity and serves as a signal of funding pressure and banking-sector strain.

Banking

Deposit Outflow Rate

Deposit outflow rate measures the pace at which deposits leave the banking system or individual banks, helping assess funding stability and confidence.

Banking

Regional Bank ETF

Regional Bank ETF performance helps track stress in smaller and mid-sized banks, especially around deposit stability, asset quality, and local credit conditions.

Banking

KBW Bank Index

KBW Bank Index tracks the equity performance of major U.S. banks and provides insight into banking-sector health, credit transmission, and market confidence.

Banking

Bank CDS Index

Bank CDS Index tracks the cost of insuring major bank credit risk and serves as a real-time indicator of banking-system stress and confidence.

Emerging Markets

BTP-Bund Spread

BTP-Bund spread measures the yield difference between Italian and German government bonds and is a key indicator of euro-area sovereign stress and fragmentation risk.

Liquidity

Commercial Paper Spread

Commercial paper spreads track the cost of short-term corporate borrowing relative to safer benchmarks and help identify stress in corporate funding markets.

Credit

Loan Officer Survey

The Loan Officer Survey tracks bank lending standards and loan demand, providing insight into whether credit supply is tightening or easing in the real economy.

Credit

Investment Grade OAS

Investment Grade OAS measures the spread of high-quality corporate bonds over Treasuries after adjusting for embedded options, helping track broad corporate credit conditions.

Credit

High Yield OAS

High Yield OAS measures the spread of high-yield corporate bonds over risk-free Treasuries after adjusting for embedded options, serving as a key gauge of speculative credit stress.

Derivatives

VIX Term Structure

VIX term structure tracks the shape of volatility futures across maturities and helps identify whether the market is pricing stable conditions or near-term stress.

Derivatives

Skew

Skew measures the relative richness of downside versus upside implied volatility, helping track hedging demand and asymmetry in market risk pricing.

Derivatives

Dealer Gamma Positioning

Dealer gamma positioning describes whether option dealers are structurally long or short gamma, shaping how hedging flows amplify or dampen market moves.

Fixed Income

Treasury Auction Tail

Treasury auction tail measures how much the auction clears above or below the expected market yield, providing a sensitive signal of auction quality and investor demand.

Fixed Income

Treasury Auction Bid-to-Cover Ratio

Treasury auction bid-to-cover ratio measures the amount of demand relative to supply at an auction and is used to assess investor appetite for government debt.

Microstructure

Primary Dealer Holdings

Primary dealer holdings track how much inventory dealers are carrying, offering insight into balance-sheet absorption, market-making capacity, and Treasury market strain.

Liquidity

QT Pace

QT pace refers to the speed at which the Federal Reserve allows assets to roll off its balance sheet, affecting reserves, duration supply, and market liquidity.

Liquidity

Fed Balance Sheet

The Fed balance sheet reflects the scale of Federal Reserve asset holdings and is a major driver of reserves, liquidity conditions, and policy transmission.

Liquidity

Bank Reserve Balances

Bank reserve balances reflect the quantity of reserves held by banks at the Federal Reserve and are central to understanding liquidity distribution and financial system stability.

Liquidity

Treasury General Account

Treasury General Account tracks the U.S. Treasury’s cash balance at the Federal Reserve and influences system liquidity by absorbing or releasing reserves.

Liquidity

LIBOR-OIS Spread

LIBOR-OIS spread tracks the gap between unsecured bank funding rates and overnight indexed swap rates, historically serving as a benchmark for banking-system stress.

Liquidity

TED Spread

TED Spread measures the difference between interbank lending rates and short-term U.S. government bill yields, historically used as a gauge of credit and funding stress.

Rates

Swap Spread

Swap spread measures the difference between interest rate swap rates and Treasury yields of similar maturity, helping track balance-sheet conditions, collateral dynamics, and structural stress in rates markets.

Liquidity

SOFR

SOFR is the Secured Overnight Financing Rate, a key benchmark for U.S. dollar funding based on overnight Treasury repo transactions.

Equity

S&P 500 Earnings Yield

S&P 500 Earnings Yield measures expected earnings relative to price and is useful for assessing valuation and comparing equities with bond yields.

Macro Policy

Financial Conditions Index

A Financial Conditions Index aggregates variables such as rates, credit spreads, equities, and the dollar to measure how supportive or restrictive the market environment is for growth and risk assets.

Equity

Equity Risk Premium

Equity Risk Premium measures the excess return investors expect from equities over risk-free assets and is a core framework for evaluating relative equity valuation.

Commodities

Copper Price

Copper price is widely used as a proxy for industrial activity, manufacturing demand, and global growth expectations.

Commodities

Baltic Dry Index

Baltic Dry Index tracks shipping rates for dry bulk commodities and offers a real-economy signal on trade flows, freight conditions, and industrial demand.

Commodities

Gold Price

Gold price reflects demand for a non-yielding reserve asset and is often used as a signal for real yields, macro uncertainty, and confidence in fiat systems.

FX

DXY Index

DXY Index measures the U.S. dollar against a basket of major currencies and serves as a broad gauge of dollar strength and global financial conditions.

Option Blackboard · 5
Encyclopedia · 24
Derivatives · Foundations

0DTE Options Flow

0DTE Options Flow (Derivatives).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Spread 10Y

2s10s Spread 10Y (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Spread 1M

2s10s Spread 1M (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Spread 1Y

2s10s Spread 1Y (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Spread 20Y

2s10s Spread 20Y (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Spread 2Y

2s10s Spread 2Y (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Spread 30Y

2s10s Spread 30Y (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Spread 3M

2s10s Spread 3M (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Spread 5Y

2s10s Spread 5Y (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Spread 6M

2s10s Spread 6M (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Spread 7Y

2s10s Spread 7Y (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Spread belly

2s10s Spread belly (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Spread BoC

2s10s Spread BoC (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Spread BoE

2s10s Spread BoE (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Spread BoJ

2s10s Spread BoJ (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Spread ECB

2s10s Spread ECB (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Spread Fed

2s10s Spread Fed (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Spread front

2s10s Spread front (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Spread long-end

2s10s Spread long-end (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Spread PBoC

2s10s Spread PBoC (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Spread RBA

2s10s Spread RBA (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Spread ultra-long

2s10s Spread ultra-long (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Treasury Curve

The 2s10s Treasury curve measures the spread between 10-year and 2-year Treasury yields and is a key indicator of growth expectations, policy path, and term structure dynamics.

Rates · Foundations

2s5s10s Fly 10Y

2s5s10s Fly 10Y (Rates).

Cards · 7
Local Modules · 3
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