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Results for “RV” · papers 18 · wiki 36
Academic Papers · 18arXiv q-fin live 8 · desk corpus 139
arXiv · arXiv · 2026

Corporate Bond Yield Curve Modeling: A Rating-Based Regime-Switching Generalized CIR Approach

Persistent shifts in term-structure dynamics undermine the stability of single-regime models in long samples. We develop an arbitrage-free regime-switching generalized CIR (RS-GCIR) model that jointly prices the Chinese government bond (CGB) curve and corporate bond curves. To capture the systematic transmission from interest-rate conditions to credit spreads, we structure the model into two blocks and price corporat

Maochun Xu, Yunqi Liang, Yi Hong
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2026

Harvesting the Variance Risk Premium in Nuclear and Energy Equities: A Short-Put Portfolio Derisking Strategy

We study whether nuclear and energy-adjacent equity options exhibit a harvestable variance risk premium. Using CRSP and OptionMetrics data for 2000-2024, we construct a systematic cash-secured short-put strategy on a curated universe of nuclear-related firms. The strategy compares at-the-money put implied volatility with GARCH-based realized volatility forecasts, then evaluates unconditional and IV/RV-filtered put-wr

Jilang Miao, Nonna Sorokina
OpenAlex · The Journal of Finance · 2004 · cites 390

Price Discovery in the U.S. Treasury Market: The Impact of Orderflow and Liquidity on the Yield Curve

ABSTRACT We examine the role of price discovery in the U.S. Treasury market through the empirical relationship between orderflow, liquidity, and the yield curve. We find that orderflow imbalances (excess buying or selling pressure) account for up to 26% of the day‐to‐day variation in yields on days without major macroeconomic announcements. The effect of orderflow on yields is permanent and strongest when liquidity i

Michael W. Brandt, Kenneth A. Kavajecz
arXiv · arXiv · 2025

Supervised Similarity for High-Yield Corporate Bonds with Quantum Cognition Machine Learning

We investigate the application of quantum cognition machine learning (QCML), a novel paradigm for both supervised and unsupervised learning tasks rooted in the mathematical formalism of quantum theory, to distance metric learning in corporate bond markets. Compared to equities, corporate bonds are relatively illiquid and both trade and quote data in these securities are relatively sparse. Thus, a measure of distance/

Joshua Rosaler, Luca Candelori, Vahagn Kirakosyan, Kharen Musaelian, Ryan Samson
arXiv · arXiv · 2023

A new adaptive pricing framework for perpetual protocols using liquidity curves and on-chain oracles

This whitepaper introduces an innovative mechanism for pricing perpetual contracts and quoting fees to traders based on current market conditions. The approach employs liquidity curves and on-chain oracles to establish a new adaptive pricing framework that considers various factors, ensuring pricing stability and predictability. The framework utilizes parabolic and sigmoid functions to quote prices and fees, accounti

Chester Bella, Danny Boahen, Sudeep Biswas
arXiv · arXiv · 2023

Detecting Depegs: Towards Safer Passive Liquidity Provision on Curve Finance

We consider a liquidity provider's (LP's) exposure to stablecoin and liquid staking derivative (LSD) depegs on Curve's StableSwap pools. We construct a suite of metrics designed to detect potential asset depegs based on price and trading data. Using our metrics, we fine-tune a Bayesian Online Changepoint Detection (BOCD) algorithm to alert LPs of potential depegs before or as they occur. We train and test our changep

Thomas N. Cintra, Maxwell P. Holloway
arXiv · arXiv · 2022

The credit spread curve. I: Fundamental concepts, fitting, par-adjusted spread, and expected return

The notion of a credit spread curve is fundamental in fixed income investing, but in practice it is not `given' and needs to be constructed from bond prices either for a particular issuer, or for a sector rating-by-rating. Rather than attempting to fit spreads -- and as we discuss here, the Z-spread is unsuitable -- we fit parametrised survival curves. By deriving a valuation formula for a risky bond, we explain and

Richard J. Martin
arXiv · arXiv · 2018

Term structure modeling for multiple curves with stochastic discontinuities

We develop a general term structure framework taking stochastic discontinuities explicitly into account. Stochastic discontinuities are a key feature in interest rate markets, as for example the jumps of the term structures in correspondence to monetary policy meetings of the ECB show. We provide a general analysis of multiple curve markets under minimal assumptions in an extended HJM framework and provide a fundamen

Claudio Fontana, Zorana Grbac, Sandrine Gümbel, Thorsten Schmidt
arXiv · arXiv · 2013

Interest-Rate Modelling in Collateralized Markets: Multiple curves, credit-liquidity effects, CCPs

The market practice of extrapolating different term structures from different instruments lacks a rigorous justification in terms of cash flows structure and market observables. In this paper, we integrate our previous consistent theory for pricing under credit, collateral and funding risks into term structure modelling, integrating the origination of different term structures with such effects. Under a number of ass

Andrea Pallavicini, Damiano Brigo
arXiv · arXiv · 2011

A Mathematical Method for Deriving the Relative Effect of Serviceability on Default Risk

The writers propose a mathematical Method for deriving risk weights which describe how a borrower's income, relative to their debt service obligations (serviceability) affects the probability of default of the loan. The Method considers the borrower's income not simply as a known quantity at the time the loan is made, but as an uncertain quantity following a statistical distribution at some later point in the life of

Graham Andersen, David Chisholm
arXiv · arXiv · 2026

Historical Reflections on Interest Rates and the Emergence of the Yield Curve

This text grew out of a historical introduction initially written for a study of interest rates in cryptocurrency markets. The difficulty of defining a term structure for a currency without a conventional bond market led naturally to a more fundamental question: under what historical conditions does a yield curve become observable at all? Credit existed long before modern money, and interest-bearing loans are documen

Olivier Guéant
arXiv · arXiv · 2025

How Digital Asset Treasury Companies Can Survive Bear Markets: The Case of the Strategy and Bitcoin

Digital Asset Treasury (DAT) companies, public firms that hold large crypto reserves as a core strategy, deliver levered exposure to digital assets but face acute downside risk when equity premia over net asset value multiples (mNAV) compress in bear markets. This paper develops a survival framework that couples conservative treasury policy with an operating line that monetizes holdings independent of mark-to-market

Hongzhe Wen
arXiv · arXiv · 2025

Optimal Control of Reserve Asset Portfolios for Stablecoins

Stablecoins promise par convertibility, yet issuers must balance immediate liquidity against yield on reserves to keep the peg credible. We study this treasury problem as a continuous-time control task with two instruments: reallocating reserves between cash and short-duration government bills, and setting a spread fee for either minting or burning the coin. Mint and redemption flows follow mutually exciting processe

Alexander Hammerl
arXiv · arXiv · 2024

Uncertain Regulations, Definite Impacts: The Impact of the US Securities and Exchange Commission's Regulatory Interventions on Crypto Assets

This study employs an event study methodology to investigate the market impact of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission's (SEC) classification of crypto assets as securities. It explores how SEC interventions influence asset returns and trading volumes, focusing on explicitly named crypto assets. The empirical analysis highlights significant adverse market reactions, notably returns plummeting 12% over one week

Aman Saggu, Lennart Ante, Kaja Kopiec
arXiv · arXiv · 2024

Adaptive Curves for Optimally Efficient Market Making

Automated Market Makers (AMMs) are essential in Decentralized Finance (DeFi) as they match liquidity supply with demand. They function through liquidity providers (LPs) who deposit assets into liquidity pools. However, the asset trading prices in these pools often trail behind those in more dynamic, centralized exchanges, leading to potential arbitrage losses for LPs. This issue is tackled by adapting market maker bo

Viraj Nadkarni, Sanjeev Kulkarni, Pramod Viswanath
arXiv · arXiv · 2023

Modeling the yield curve of Burundian bond market by parametric models

The term structure of interest rates (yield curve) is a critical facet of financial analytics, impacting various investment and risk management decisions. It is used by the central bank to conduct and monitor its monetary policy. That instrument reflects the anticipation of inflation and the risk by investors. The rates reported on yield curve are the cornerstone of valuation of all assets. To provide such tool for B

Rédempteur Ntawiratsa, David Niyukuri, Irène Irakoze, Menus Nkurunziza
arXiv · arXiv · 2023

Exploiting the dynamics of commodity futures curves

The Nelson-Siegel framework is employed to model the term structure of commodity futures prices. Exploiting the information embedded in the level, slope and curvature parameters, we develop novel investment strategies that assume short-term continuation of recent parallel, slope or butterfly movements of futures curves. Systematic strategies based on the change in the slope generate significant profits that are unrel

Robert J Bianchi, John Hua Fan, Joelle Miffre, Tingxi Zhang
arXiv · arXiv · 2019

The Leland-Toft optimal capital structure model under Poisson observations

We revisit the optimal capital structure model with endogenous bankruptcy first studied by Leland \cite{Leland94} and Leland and Toft \cite{Leland96}. Differently from the standard case, where shareholders observe continuously the asset value and bankruptcy is executed instantaneously without delay, we assume that the information of the asset value is updated only at intervals, modeled by the jump times of an indepen

Zbigniew Palmowski, José Luis Pérez, Budhi Arta Surya, Kazutoshi Yamazaki
Wiki Entities · 36
AI Systems

Agent Workflow

An agent workflow is a structured loop that plans, calls tools or models, observes results, and repeats until a stop condition — a pipeline with memory, contracts, and failure handling rather than a single completion.

AI Systems

U-Net

U-Net is an encoder–decoder CNN with skip connections from downsampling to upsampling paths, designed so fine spatial detail survives compression.

AI Systems

Xavier Initialization

Xavier/Glorot initialization scales initial weights so variance is preserved through a layer — the default that made deep tanh/sigmoid nets trainable before BatchNorm.

Banking

Bank CDS Index

Bank CDS Index tracks the cost of insuring major bank credit risk and serves as a real-time indicator of banking-system stress and confidence.

Banking

Fractional-Reserve Banking

Fractional-reserve banking is taking deposits and holding only a fraction in reserves or liquid assets — credit creation with a run risk.

Banking

Reserve Requirement

A reserve requirement is the fraction of deposits a bank must hold as reserves — a tool that is now often zero in the US, with liquidity rules doing the real work.

Commodities

Backwardation

Backwardation is a futures curve that falls with tenor — nearby richer than deferred, usually a tightness / convenience-yield story.

Commodities

Commodity Carry

Commodity Carry — Return from rolling futures along the curve — core systematic commodity strategy.

Commodities

Commodity Inventory Financing

Commodity Inventory Financing — Repo-like financing of physical stocks linking curve to rates.

Commodities

Contango

Contango is a futures curve that rises with tenor — deferred contracts richer than nearby, often a storage and rate story.

Commodities

Crude Oil Contango

Crude Oil Contango — Upward-sloping futures curve implying storage economics and weak spot demand.

Commodities

Gold Price

Gold price reflects demand for a non-yielding reserve asset and is often used as a signal for real yields, macro uncertainty, and confidence in fiat systems.

Credit

CDX HY Index

CDX HY Index tracks the cost of insuring a basket of North American high-yield corporate credit and serves as a sensitive gauge of credit risk appetite and stress.

Credit

High Yield OAS

High Yield OAS measures the spread of high-yield corporate bonds over risk-free Treasuries after adjusting for embedded options, serving as a key gauge of speculative credit stress.

Credit

Loan Officer Survey

The Loan Officer Survey tracks bank lending standards and loan demand, providing insight into whether credit supply is tightening or easing in the real economy.

Crypto

Crypto Realized Vol Regime

Crypto Realized Vol Regime — Shifts in realized volatility that redefine sizing and carry.

Crypto

Stablecoin

A stablecoin is a token that targets a peg, usually $1 — a money-market claim or an algorithmic hope, depending on the reserves.

CTA

Agricultural CTA

Grains and oilseeds — corn, soy, wheat, and their products — where weather, USDA prints, and harvest calendars sit on top of generic trend.

CTA

Crack Spread CTA Sleeve

Refinery margin: long gasoline and distillate, short crude, in a stated ratio — energy RV rather than a WTI call.

CTA

CTA Bond / Rates Carry Sleeve

Harvest roll-down and yield carry in bond and STIR futures — a rates-specific premia book that can fight the trend sleeve in a hiking cycle.

CTA

CTA Calendar-Spread Sleeve

Trade nearby versus deferred on the same curve — a pure term-structure book, the smallest-beta cousin of commodity RV.

CTA

CTA Option Writer

A CTA that is structurally short implied volatility — harvesting VRP with futures options, and owning a jump left tail.

CTA

CTA Relative Value / Spread Trading

Market-neutral futures spreads — calendar, inter-commodity, or intra-curve — a CTA that tries not to own outright direction.

CTA

Inter-Commodity Spread CTA

Long one commodity, short a related one — WTI/Brent, gold/silver, corn/wheat, gas/power — a relative-value family across complexes.

CTA

Intra-Curve Fixed-Income CTA

Steepeners, flatteners, and butterflies on the bond/STIR strip — duration-neutral-ish curve trades as a CTA RV sleeve.

CTA

Long-Volatility CTA

A managed-futures book that is structurally long options or long VIX-curve convexity — pays carry, aims to print in jumps and persistent stress.

CTA

Multi-Strategy CTA

A single platform that allocates risk across trend, carry, short-term, RV, and sometimes options — a house of sleeves, not a style-pure trend shop.

CTA

Seasonal CTA / Calendar-Event Sleeve

Trades that exist because of the calendar — harvest, driving season, tax dates, contract rolls — not because a 50-day MA said so.

CTA

Soybean Crush Spread

Long soymeal and soyoil versus short soybeans (or the reverse) — the processor’s margin as a futures spread.

CTA

Specialist CTA

A program that lives in one complex — grains, energy, metals, or STIR — with deeper contract lists and often more RV than a diversified trend shop.

CTA

VIX / Volatility-Futures CTA

Trade the VIX curve as a first-class market — trend on VIX, carry on contango, and a respect for inversion — not just an equity hedge overlay.

Derivatives

Butterfly Spread

A butterfly is long one wing, short two bodies, long the other wing — a bet on a pin or on the curvature of the smile.

Derivatives

Implied Realized Spread

Implied Realized Spread — Gap between implied and realized vol that defines carry for short-vol books.

Derivatives

Move Index

The MOVE Index tracks implied volatility in the U.S. Treasury market and serves as a benchmark for rates uncertainty and macro stress.

Derivatives

Variance Risk Premium

Variance Risk Premium — Gap between implied and realized volatility that systematic vol sellers harvest.

Derivatives

VIX Futures Term Structure

VIX Futures Term Structure — Curve shape driving roll yield for vol ETNs and systematic short-vol carry.

Option Blackboard · 0
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Encyclopedia · 24
Rates · Foundations

2s10s Treasury Curve

The 2s10s Treasury curve measures the spread between 10-year and 2-year Treasury yields and is a key indicator of growth expectations, policy path, and term structure dynamics.

Rates · Foundations

3M10Y Treasury Curve

The 3M10Y Treasury curve compares 10-year Treasury yields with 3-month Treasury bill yields and is closely watched as a recession and policy-cycle indicator.

AI Systems · Foundations

Agent Workflow

An agent workflow is a structured loop that plans, calls tools or models, observes results, and repeats until a stop condition — a pipeline with memory, contracts, and failure handling rather than a single completion.

CTA · Foundations

Agricultural CTA

Grains and oilseeds — corn, soy, wheat, and their products — where weather, USDA prints, and harvest calendars sit on top of generic trend.

Financial Crises · Foundations

Argentine Crisis 2001

Argentina’s 2001–02 collapse ended the convertibility 1:1 peg with default, corralito, and a violent real devaluation — a political-economy crisis of an overvalued peg.

Equity · Foundations

Asset

An asset is a present economic resource controlled by an entity from which future cash or service is expected — the left-hand side of the balance sheet.

Commodities · Foundations

Backwardation

Backwardation is a futures curve that falls with tenor — nearby richer than deferred, usually a tightness / convenience-yield story.

Banking · Foundations

Bank CDS Index

Bank CDS Index tracks the cost of insuring major bank credit risk and serves as a real-time indicator of banking-system stress and confidence.

Liquidity · Foundations

Bank Reserve Balances

Bank reserve balances reflect the quantity of reserves held by banks at the Federal Reserve and are central to understanding liquidity distribution and financial system stability.

Desk Slang · Foundations

Bear Steepener

A bear steepener is a curve move where long yields rise more than front yields (or fronts fall less) as the market prices more term premium, more deficit, or less faith in long-run restraint — and duration loses.

Desk Slang · Foundations

Behind the Curve

Behind the curve means policy (or a book) is too easy or too slow relative to incoming inflation, growth, or a Taylor-type benchmark — the market is already pricing a catch-up.

Economy · Foundations

Beveridge Curve

Beveridge Curve — Vacancy-unemployment relationship signaling matching efficiency and structural labor shifts.

Desk Slang · Foundations

Bull Flattener

A bull flattener is the curve flattening as yields fall, usually because the front end rallies more than the long end into easier policy or a growth scare.

Derivatives · Foundations

Butterfly Spread

A butterfly is long one wing, short two bodies, long the other wing — a bet on a pin or on the curvature of the smile.

Fixed Income · Foundations

Carry and Roll Down

Carry and Roll Down — Expected return from holding higher-yielding tenor as it rolls down a positively sloped curve.

Credit · Foundations

CDX HY Index

CDX HY Index tracks the cost of insuring a basket of North American high-yield corporate credit and serves as a sensitive gauge of credit risk appetite and stress.

Commodities · Foundations

Commodity Carry

Commodity Carry — Return from rolling futures along the curve — core systematic commodity strategy.

Commodities · Foundations

Commodity Inventory Financing

Commodity Inventory Financing — Repo-like financing of physical stocks linking curve to rates.

Commodities · Foundations

Contango

Contango is a futures curve that rises with tenor — deferred contracts richer than nearby, often a storage and rate story.

Strategies · Foundations

Convertible Arbitrage

Long the convertible and short the delta in the stock — harvest cheap implied vol / credit, with funding and squeeze risk.

CTA · Foundations

Crack Spread CTA Sleeve

Refinery margin: long gasoline and distillate, short crude, in a stated ratio — energy RV rather than a WTI call.

Commodities · Foundations

Crude Oil Contango

Crude Oil Contango — Upward-sloping futures curve implying storage economics and weak spot demand.

CTA · Foundations

CTA Bond / Rates Carry Sleeve

Harvest roll-down and yield carry in bond and STIR futures — a rates-specific premia book that can fight the trend sleeve in a hiking cycle.

CTA · Foundations

CTA Calendar-Spread Sleeve

Trade nearby versus deferred on the same curve — a pure term-structure book, the smallest-beta cousin of commodity RV.

Cards · 3
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