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Results for “factor” · papers 18 · wiki 36
Academic Papers · 18arXiv q-fin live 8 · desk corpus 208
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2024

Optimal portfolio under ratio-type periodic evaluation in stochastic factor models under convex trading constraints

This paper studies a type of periodic utility maximization problem for portfolio management in incomplete stochastic factor models with convex trading constraints. The portfolio performance is periodically evaluated on the relative ratio of two adjacent wealth levels over an infinite horizon, featuring the dynamic adjustments in portfolio decision according to past achievements. Under power utility, we transform the

Wenyuan Wang, Kaixin Yan, Xiang Yu
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2023

Adjust factor with volatility model using MAXFLAT low-pass filter and construct portfolio in China A share market

In the field of quantitative finance, volatility models, such as ARCH, GARCH, FIGARCH, SV, EWMA, play the key role in risk and portfolio management. Meanwhile, factor investing is more and more famous since mid of 20 century. CAPM, Fama French three factor model, Fama French five-factor model, MSCI Barra factor model are mentioned and developed during this period. In this paper, we will show why we need adjust group

Ke Zhang
arXiv · arXiv · 2026

Beyond Prompting: An Autonomous Framework for Systematic Factor Investing via Agentic AI

This paper develops an autonomous framework for systematic factor investing via agentic AI. Rather than relying on sequential manual prompts, our approach operationalizes the model as a self-directed engine that endogenously formulates interpretable trading signals. To mitigate data snooping biases, this closed-loop system imposes strict empirical discipline through out-of-sample validation and economic rationale req

Allen Yikuan Huang, Zheqi Fan
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2025

Time-Varying Factor-Augmented Models for Volatility Forecasting

Accurate volatility forecasts are vital in modern finance for risk management, portfolio allocation, and strategic decision-making. However, existing methods face key limitations. Fully multivariate models, while comprehensive, are computationally infeasible for realistic portfolios. Factor models, though efficient, primarily use static factor loadings, failing to capture evolving volatility co-movements when they ar

Duo Zhang, Jiayu Li, Junyi Mo, Elynn Chen
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2025

Machine Learning Enhanced Multi-Factor Quantitative Trading: A Cross-Sectional Portfolio Optimization Approach with Bias Correction

Rolling-window factor pipelines for Chinese A-share markets contain a subtle but costly flaw: daily price-move limits (+/-10% main-board, +/-20% STAR/ChiNext) render a fraction of closing prices non-executable, yet standard implementations ingest these values before any row-filtering runs. The contaminated aggregates propagate silently through moving averages, correlations, and ranks--a failure mode we term "upstream

Yimin Du
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2023

Portfolio Optimization with Allocation Constraints and Stochastic Factor Market Dynamics

We study the expected utility portfolio optimization problem in an incomplete financial market where the risky asset dynamics depend on stochastic factors and the portfolio allocation is constrained to lie within a given convex set. We employ fundamental duality results from real constrained optimization to formally derive a dual representation of the associated HJB PDE. Using this representation, we provide a condit

Marcos Escobar-Anel, Michel Kschonnek, Rudi Zagst
arXiv · arXiv · 2024

Capital Asset Pricing Model with Size Factor and Normalizing by Volatility Index

The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) relates a well-diversified stock portfolio to a benchmark portfolio. We insert size effect in the CAPM, capturing the observation that small stocks have higher risk and return than large stocks, on average. Our goal is to make the resulting linear regressions have independent identically distributed Gaussian residuals. In some cases, we find that including the Volatility Index a

Abraham Atsiwo, Andrey Sarantsev
arXiv · arXiv · 2018

Are multi-factor Gaussian term structure models still useful? An empirical analysis on Italian BTPs

In this paper, we empirically study models for pricing Italian sovereign bonds under a reduced form framework, by assuming different dynamics for the short-rate process. We analyze classical Cox-Ingersoll-Ross and Vasicek multi-factor models, with a focus on optimization algorithms applied in the calibration exercise. The Kalman filter algorithm together with a maximum likelihood estimation method are considered to f

Michele Leonardo Bianchi
arXiv · arXiv · 2024

Multi-Factor Function-on-Function Regression of Bond Yields on WTI Commodity Futures Term Structure Dynamics

In the analysis of commodity futures, it is commonly assumed that futures prices are driven by two latent factors: short-term fluctuations and long-term equilibrium price levels. In this study, we extend this framework by introducing a novel state-space functional regression model that incorporates yield curve dynamics. Our model offers a distinct advantage in capturing the interdependencies between commodity futures

Peilun He, Gareth W. Peters, Nino Kordzakhia, Pavel V. Shevchenko
arXiv · arXiv · 2019

Active and Passive Portfolio Management with Latent Factors

We address a portfolio selection problem that combines active (outperformance) and passive (tracking) objectives using techniques from convex analysis. We assume a general semimartingale market model where the assets' growth rate processes are driven by a latent factor. Using techniques from convex analysis we obtain a closed-form solution for the optimal portfolio and provide a theorem establishing its uniqueness. T

Ali Al-Aradi, Sebastian Jaimungal
arXiv · arXiv · 2025

Convergence Rates of Turnpike Theorems for Portfolio Choice in Stochastic Factor Models

Turnpike theorems state that if an investor's utility is asymptotically equivalent to a power utility, then the optimal investment strategy converges to the CRRA strategy as the investment horizon tends to infinity. This paper aims to derive the convergence rates of the turnpike theorem for optimal feedback functions in stochastic factor models. In these models, optimal feedback functions can be decomposed into two t

Hiroki Yamamichi
arXiv · arXiv · 2024

KAN based Autoencoders for Factor Models

Inspired by recent advances in Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KANs), we introduce a novel approach to latent factor conditional asset pricing models. While previous machine learning applications in asset pricing have predominantly used Multilayer Perceptrons with ReLU activation functions to model latent factor exposures, our method introduces a KAN-based autoencoder which surpasses MLP models in both accuracy and inter

Tianqi Wang, Shubham Singh
arXiv · arXiv · 2024

Optimal portfolio under ratio-type periodic evaluation in incomplete markets with stochastic factors

This paper studies a type of periodic utility maximization for portfolio management in an incomplete market model, where the underlying price diffusion process depends on some external stochastic factors. The portfolio performance is periodically evaluated on the relative ratio of two adjacent wealth levels over an infinite horizon. For both power and logarithmic utilities, we formulate the auxiliary one-period optim

Wenyuan Wang, Kaixin Yan, Xiang Yu
arXiv · arXiv · 2024

Structured factor copulas for modeling the systemic risk of European and United States banks

In this paper, we employ Credit Default Swaps (CDS) to model the joint and conditional distress probabilities of banks in Europe and the U.S. using factor copulas. We propose multi-factor, structured factor, and factor-vine models where the banks in the sample are clustered according to their geographic location. We find that within each region, the co-dependence between banks is best described using both, systematic

Hoang Nguyen, Audronė Virbickaitė, M. Concepción Ausín, Pedro Galeano
arXiv · arXiv · 2022

Common Idiosyncratic Quantile Factors and Asset Prices

We investigate whether the tails of firm-level idiosyncratic return distributions are driven by common shocks. We use quantile factor analysis to extract such common idiosyncratic quantile factors with asymmetric pricing effects and we find a significant premium for innovations to the lower-tail factor: high-beta stocks outperform low-beta stocks by around 7-8% per year. This premium remains significant even when con

Jozef Barunik, Matej Nevrla
arXiv · arXiv · 2021

A revised comparison between FF five-factor model and three-factor model,based on China's A-share market

In allusion to some contradicting results in existing research, this paper selects China's latest stock data from 2005 to 2020 for empirical analysis. By choosing this periods' data, we avoid the periods of China's significant stock market reforms to reduce the impact of the government's policy on the factor effect. In this paper, the redundant factors (HML, CMA) are orthogonalized, and the regression analysis of 5*5

Zhijing Zhang, Yue Yu, Qinghua Ma, Haixiang Yao
arXiv · arXiv · 2021

LOB modeling using Hawkes processes with a state-dependent factor

A point process model for order flows in limit order books is proposed, in which the conditional intensity is the product of a Hawkes component and a state-dependent factor. In the LOB context, state observations may include the observed imbalance or the observed spread. Full technical details for the computationally-efficient estimation of such a process are provided, using either direct likelihood maximization or E

Emmanouil Sfendourakis, Ioane Muni Toke
arXiv · arXiv · 2020

Zooming In on Equity Factor Crowding

Crowding is most likely an important factor in the deterioration of strategy performance, the increase of trading costs and the development of systemic risk. We study the imprints of \emph{crowding} on both anonymous market data and a large database of metaorders from institutional investors in the U.S. equity market. We propose direct metrics of crowding that capture the presence of investors contemporaneously tradi

Valerio Volpati, Michael Benzaquen, Zoltan Eisler, Iacopo Mastromatteo, Bence Toth
Wiki Entities · 36
AI Systems

Reinforcement Learning

Reinforcement learning trains a policy to maximize expected return by interacting with an environment: states, actions, rewards, and (usually) a discount factor.

AI Systems

Vanishing Gradient

Vanishing gradients are when backprop multiplies many |Jacobian| < 1 factors so early layers receive ~0 update — the reason plain deep RNNs and tanh stacks died.

CTA

CTA Correlation-Adjusted Sizing

Shrink size when markets are moving together so that ‘20 commodities’ are not one energy-risk factor wearing 20 tickers.

Desk Slang

Risk-On Risk-Off

Risk-on / risk-off (RORO) is a one-factor tape: the same risk appetite impulse hits credit, EM, high-beta equity, and vol in one direction while Treasuries, the dollar, and gold take the other side.

Economics

Dutch Disease

Dutch disease is the squeeze on tradable non-resource sectors when a resource boom or capital inflow appreciates the real exchange rate and pulls factors into the booming sector.

Equity

Stock Split

A stock split increases shares outstanding and cuts the price by the same factor — cosmetics on the claim, not on enterprise value.

Mathematics

Eigenvalue

An eigenvalue λ of A satisfies A v = λ v. In risk, eigenvalues of the covariance matrix are the variances of the principal components — they tell you how many true factors you have.

Mathematics

Principal Component Analysis

PCA finds orthogonal directions of maximum variance in a covariance (or correlation) matrix — the yield-curve level/slope/butterfly and many equity ‘statistical factors’ are PCA.

Mathematics

Singular Value Decomposition

SVD factors any matrix A = U Σ V' into orthogonal rotations and a diagonal of singular values — the workhorse behind PCA, low-rank approximation, and many recommenders.

Quant

Alpha

Alpha is return not explained by the risk factors you chose — a residual, not a personality.

Quant

Beta

Beta is the regression slope of an asset’s return on a factor (usually the market) — a hedge ratio, not a destiny.

Quant

Capital Asset Pricing Model

CAPM says expected excess return is beta times the market risk premium — one factor, one line, many violations.

Quant

Diversification

Diversification is reducing idiosyncratic variance by combining imperfectly correlated risks — it does not cancel a common factor.

Quant

Factor Momentum

Factor Momentum — Persistence in relative factor performance exploitable by systematic overlays.

Quant

Fama-French Three-Factor Model

The three-factor model adds size (SMB) and value (HML) to the market — a better cross-section than CAPM, still not the last word.

Quant

Idiosyncratic Risk

Idiosyncratic risk is residual variance after the factors — name-specific noise that diversification is supposed to shrink.

Quant

Low Volatility Anomaly

Low Volatility Anomaly — Empirical outperformance of low-beta stocks, crowded in risk-off regimes.

Quant

Quality Factor

Quality Factor — Exposure to profitable, stable balance-sheet companies versus junk quality.

Quant

Size Premium

Size Premium — Historical return premium for smaller capitalisation stocks with liquidity caveats.

Quant

Smart Beta Strategies

Smart Beta Strategies — Rules-based factor tilts packaged for institutional asset allocation.

Quant

Statistical Arbitrage

Statistical Arbitrage — Short-horizon RV on co-moving securities using factor neutralization.

Quant

Systematic Risk

Systematic risk is the part of return that moves with common factors — you get paid for it, and you cannot dilute it by adding names in the same factor.

Quant

Value Factor

Value Factor — Cheap versus expensive stocks — cyclical performance tied to rates and inflation.

Strategies

Currency Momentum Strategy

Long currencies that appreciated over the lookback, short those that depreciated — cross-sectional FX momentum.

Strategies

Currency Value Factor — PPP Strategy

Long undervalued currencies and short overvalued ones versus purchasing-power parity or real-rate gaps — FX value, slow and mean-reverting.

Strategies

ESG Factor Momentum

Long names whose ESG scores are improving and short those whose scores are deteriorating — the change, not the level.

Strategies

ESG Level Factor Investing

Long high-ESG-score names and short low-ESG names — a levels sort whose premium is disputed and vendor-dependent.

Strategies

FX Carry Trade Strategy

Long high-yield currencies, short low-yield currencies — harvest the forward premium that uncovered interest parity says should not persist.

Strategies

Gross Profitability Strategy

Long high gross-profits-to-assets names and short low — Novy-Marx profitability as a quality factor.

Strategies

Low Volatility Factor Effect in Stocks

Overweight low-realized-vol (or low-beta) stocks and underweight high-vol names — the low-risk anomaly as a long-short or defensive long-only.

Strategies

Magic Formula

Rank on earnings yield and return on capital, buy the top combined rank — Greenblatt’s two-factor quality-value screen.

Strategies

Momentum Factor and Style Rotation

Rotate among style sleeves (value, growth, quality, size) using the momentum of the styles themselves.

Strategies

Momentum Factor Effect in Country Equity Indexes

Rotate country equity indexes toward those with the strongest trailing returns — momentum at the index, not the stock, layer.

Strategies

Momentum Factor Effect in REITs

Apply 12-1 momentum inside listed real-estate names — a sector-specific momentum book.

Strategies

Momentum Factor Effect in Stocks

Long 12-1 month winners and short losers in a stock universe — the cross-sectional equity momentum recipe.

Strategies

Quality Minus Junk

Long a composite of profitable, growing, safe, well-managed names and short the junk — AQR’s QMJ recipe.

Option Blackboard · 0
No Option Blackboard entries matched.
Encyclopedia · 24
Quant · Foundations

Alpha

Alpha is return not explained by the risk factors you chose — a residual, not a personality.

Quant · Foundations

Beta

Beta is the regression slope of an asset’s return on a factor (usually the market) — a hedge ratio, not a destiny.

Quant · Foundations

Capital Asset Pricing Model

CAPM says expected excess return is beta times the market risk premium — one factor, one line, many violations.

CTA · Foundations

CTA Correlation-Adjusted Sizing

Shrink size when markets are moving together so that ‘20 commodities’ are not one energy-risk factor wearing 20 tickers.

Strategies · Foundations

Currency Value Factor — PPP Strategy

Long undervalued currencies and short overvalued ones versus purchasing-power parity or real-rate gaps — FX value, slow and mean-reverting.

Quant · Foundations

Diversification

Diversification is reducing idiosyncratic variance by combining imperfectly correlated risks — it does not cancel a common factor.

Economics · Foundations

Dutch Disease

Dutch disease is the squeeze on tradable non-resource sectors when a resource boom or capital inflow appreciates the real exchange rate and pulls factors into the booming sector.

Mathematics · Foundations

Eigenvalue

An eigenvalue λ of A satisfies A v = λ v. In risk, eigenvalues of the covariance matrix are the variances of the principal components — they tell you how many true factors you have.

Strategies · Foundations

ESG Factor Momentum

Long names whose ESG scores are improving and short those whose scores are deteriorating — the change, not the level.

Strategies · Foundations

ESG Level Factor Investing

Long high-ESG-score names and short low-ESG names — a levels sort whose premium is disputed and vendor-dependent.

Quant · Foundations

Factor Momentum

Factor Momentum — Persistence in relative factor performance exploitable by systematic overlays.

Quant · Foundations

Fama-French Three-Factor Model

The three-factor model adds size (SMB) and value (HML) to the market — a better cross-section than CAPM, still not the last word.

Strategies · Foundations

Gross Profitability Strategy

Long high gross-profits-to-assets names and short low — Novy-Marx profitability as a quality factor.

Quant · Foundations

Idiosyncratic Risk

Idiosyncratic risk is residual variance after the factors — name-specific noise that diversification is supposed to shrink.

Strategies · Foundations

Low Volatility Factor Effect in Stocks

Overweight low-realized-vol (or low-beta) stocks and underweight high-vol names — the low-risk anomaly as a long-short or defensive long-only.

Strategies · Foundations

Magic Formula

Rank on earnings yield and return on capital, buy the top combined rank — Greenblatt’s two-factor quality-value screen.

Strategies · Foundations

Momentum Factor and Style Rotation

Rotate among style sleeves (value, growth, quality, size) using the momentum of the styles themselves.

Strategies · Foundations

Momentum Factor Effect in Country Equity Indexes

Rotate country equity indexes toward those with the strongest trailing returns — momentum at the index, not the stock, layer.

Strategies · Foundations

Momentum Factor Effect in REITs

Apply 12-1 momentum inside listed real-estate names — a sector-specific momentum book.

Strategies · Foundations

Momentum Factor Effect in Stocks

Long 12-1 month winners and short losers in a stock universe — the cross-sectional equity momentum recipe.

Mathematics · Foundations

Principal Component Analysis

PCA finds orthogonal directions of maximum variance in a covariance (or correlation) matrix — the yield-curve level/slope/butterfly and many equity ‘statistical factors’ are PCA.

Quant · Foundations

Quality Factor

Quality Factor — Exposure to profitable, stable balance-sheet companies versus junk quality.

AI Systems · Foundations

Reinforcement Learning

Reinforcement learning trains a policy to maximize expected return by interacting with an environment: states, actions, rewards, and (usually) a discount factor.

Strategies · Foundations

Residual Momentum

Rank on residual (idiosyncratic) past returns after taking out market/factor beta — momentum with less factor crash.

Cards · 2
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