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Results for “liquidity” · papers 5 · wiki 36
Academic Papers · 5arXiv q-fin live 0 · desk corpus 5
arXiv · arXiv · 2024

Liquidity Adjustment in Multivariate Volatility Modeling: Evidence from Portfolios of Cryptocurrencies and US Stocks

We develop a liquidity-sensitive multivariate volatility framework to improve the estimation of time-varying covariance structures under market frictions. We introduce two novel portfolio-level liquidity measures, liquidity jump and liquidity diffusion, which capture magnitude and volatility of liquidity fluctuation, respectively, and construct liquidity-adjusted return and volatility that reflect real-time liquidity…

Qi Deng
arXiv · arXiv · 2013

Optimal Order Scheduling for Deterministic Liquidity Patterns

We consider a broker who has to place a large order which consumes a sizable part of average daily trading volume. The broker's aim is thus to minimize execution costs he incurs from the adverse impact of his trades on market prices. By contrast to the previous literature, see, e.g., Obizhaeva and Wang (2005), Predoiu, Shaikhet, and Shreve (2011), we allow the liquidity parameters of market depth and resilience to va…

Peter Bank, Antje Fruth
arXiv · arXiv · 2012

Market Liquidity and Convexity of Order Book (Evidence From China)

Market liquidity plays a vital role in the field of market micro-structure, because it is the vigor of the financial market. This paper uses a variable called convexity to measure the potential liquidity provided by order-book. Based on the high-frequency data of each stock included in the SSE (Shanghai Stock Exchange) 50 Index for the year 2011, we report several statistical properties of convexity and analyze the a…

Kenan Qiao
arXiv · arXiv · 2026

Herding or Racing? Decomposing Cross-Account Order-Flow Persistence in On-Chain Markets

Most of the autocorrelation in trade signs on decentralized exchanges comes from pairs of trades sent by different wallets. For Uniswap v3, this has been read as herding dominating order splitting -- the reverse of what equity markets show. We show that this herding share mixes two quantities: the probability $p$ that consecutive orders come from the same account, which is small when thousands of wallets are trading,…

Yichong Bai, Dingyue Kan
arXiv · arXiv · 2026

Learning AI Agents, Market Makers, and Stress in Automated Markets

Automated markets increasingly route order flow from learning trading agents through automated market makers (AMMs). We model trader archetypes as AI agents defined by their reward functions and analyze the feedback they create on a constant-product AMM. Herd-dominated and arbitrage-dominated markets of equal size have identical return distributions and turnover, so no rule based on volatility, value-at-risk, stress …

Irene Aldridge
Wiki Entities · 36
Banking

Deposit Outflow Rate

Deposit outflow rate measures the pace at which deposits leave the banking system or individual banks, helping assess funding stability and confidence.

Banking

Lender of Last Resort

The lender of last resort is the central bank standing ready to fund solvent-but-illiquid banks against collateral — Bagehot’s rule, with politics.

Banking

Liquidity Coverage Ratio

Liquidity Coverage Ratio — Regulatory high-quality liquid asset requirement for 30-day stress.

Banking

Reserve Requirement

A reserve requirement is the fraction of deposits a bank must hold as reserves — a tool that is now often zero in the US, with liquidity rules doing the real work.

Derivatives

Delta Hedging

Delta Hedging — Continuous rebalancing of directional exposure that links options markets to underlying liquidity.

Desk Slang

Bidless

Bidless means there is no meaningful posted or workable bid — you can sell only by walking the stairs or waiting, which is how fire sales become prices.

Desk Slang

Hit the Bid

To hit the bid is to sell at the posted bid — you are the aggressor lifting liquidity on the sell side, not joining the offer.

Desk Slang

On-the-Run vs Off-the-Run

On-the-run is the latest issued Treasury (or benchmark) in a maturity; off-the-runs are older issues. The on-the-run is richer and more liquid; the spread is a liquidity and specials object.

Economics

Liquidity Trap

A liquidity trap is a state where the policy rate is at or near the effective lower bound and extra money is hoarded rather than spent, so conventional rate cuts stop working.

Equity

Current Ratio

The current ratio is current assets divided by current liabilities — a coarse solvency-within-a-year screen.

Equity

Initial Public Offering

An IPO is a private firm’s first sale of stock to public investors — a liquidity and valuation event, not a proof of quality.

Equity

Public Float

Public float is shares available to ordinary trading — outstanding minus restricted, insider, and sometimes strategic blocks.

Equity

Quick Ratio

The quick ratio is cash, marketable securities, and receivables over current liabilities — current ratio without inventory.

Equity

Working Capital

Working capital is current operating assets minus current operating liabilities — the cash tied in the operating cycle.

Financial Crises

Russia / LTCM 1998

Russia’s August 1998 default and devaluation blew up leveraged relative-value books, culminating in the LTCM rescue — a reminder that ‘hedged’ can mean ‘short liquidity in every state.’

Fixed Income

Z Spread

Z Spread — Static spread over the government curve capturing credit and liquidity premium.

FX

DXY Index

DXY Index measures the U.S. dollar against a basket of major currencies and serves as a broad gauge of dollar strength and global financial conditions.

Liquidity

Bank Reserve Balances

Bank reserve balances reflect the quantity of reserves held by banks at the Federal Reserve and are central to understanding liquidity distribution and financial system stability.

Liquidity

Bank Term Funding Program Usage

BTFP usage tracks how much funding banks obtain through the Bank Term Funding Program, offering insight into balance-sheet stress and demand for official liquidity backstops.

Liquidity

Cash Market Liquidity Premium

Cash Market Liquidity Premium — Extra yield demanded for holding less liquid cash instruments.

Liquidity

Clearing Member Default Waterfall

Clearing Member Default Waterfall — Loss-allocation sequence after a clearing member fails.

Liquidity

Commercial Paper Spread

Commercial paper spreads track the cost of short-term corporate borrowing relative to safer benchmarks and help identify stress in corporate funding markets.

Liquidity

Discount Window Borrowing

Discount Window borrowing measures bank use of Federal Reserve emergency liquidity and serves as a signal of funding pressure and banking-sector strain.

Liquidity

ECB Balance Sheet

The ECB balance sheet reflects the scale of European Central Bank asset holdings and helps track euro-area liquidity, policy transmission, and duration absorption.

Liquidity

Fed Balance Sheet

The Fed balance sheet reflects the scale of Federal Reserve asset holdings and is a major driver of reserves, liquidity conditions, and policy transmission.

Liquidity

FRA-OIS Spread

FRA-OIS spread measures the difference between interbank funding expectations and overnight indexed swap rates, often used as a gauge of banking and short-term funding stress.

Liquidity

Funding Liquidity Spiral

Funding Liquidity Spiral — Asset-market illiquidity and funding stress reinforcing each other.

Liquidity

Initial Margin Procyclicality

Initial Margin Procyclicality — Margin models that rise sharply in stress and amplify deleveraging.

Liquidity

LIBOR-OIS Spread

LIBOR-OIS spread tracks the gap between unsecured bank funding rates and overnight indexed swap rates, historically serving as a benchmark for banking-system stress.

Liquidity

Margin

Margin is collateral posted against a leveraged position — the cash or securities that keep the broker or CCP whole.

Liquidity

Margin Call

A margin call is a demand to post more collateral when the account equity falls below maintenance — pay, pledge, or be sold out.

Liquidity

Money Market Fund Assets

Money market fund assets track the amount of cash parked in short-term low-risk vehicles, providing insight into liquidity preference, deposit substitution, and defensive positioning.

Liquidity

QT Pace

QT pace refers to the speed at which the Federal Reserve allows assets to roll off its balance sheet, affecting reserves, duration supply, and market liquidity.

Liquidity

Reverse Repo Facility Usage

Reverse Repo Facility usage shows how much cash is being parked at the Federal Reserve overnight and helps track reserve distribution, collateral demand, and system liquidity conditions.

Liquidity

SOFR

SOFR is the Secured Overnight Financing Rate, a key benchmark for U.S. dollar funding based on overnight Treasury repo transactions.

Liquidity

TED Spread

TED Spread measures the difference between interbank lending rates and short-term U.S. government bill yields, historically used as a gauge of credit and funding stress.

Option Blackboard · 0
No Option Blackboard entries matched.
Encyclopedia · 24
Microstructure · Foundations

Adverse Selection

Adverse selection is the expected loss a liquidity provider takes when the other side is informed — the Glosten–Milgrom reason spreads exist even with no inventory.

Liquidity · Foundations

Bank Reserve Balances

Bank reserve balances reflect the quantity of reserves held by banks at the Federal Reserve and are central to understanding liquidity distribution and financial system stability.

Liquidity · Foundations

Bank Term Funding Program Usage

BTFP usage tracks how much funding banks obtain through the Bank Term Funding Program, offering insight into balance-sheet stress and demand for official liquidity backstops.

Liquidity · Foundations

Cash Market Liquidity Premium

Cash Market Liquidity Premium — Extra yield demanded for holding less liquid cash instruments.

Liquidity · Foundations

Clearing Member Default Waterfall

Clearing Member Default Waterfall — Loss-allocation sequence after a clearing member fails.

Liquidity · Foundations

Commercial Paper Spread

Commercial paper spreads track the cost of short-term corporate borrowing relative to safer benchmarks and help identify stress in corporate funding markets.

Derivatives · Foundations

Delta Hedging

Delta Hedging — Continuous rebalancing of directional exposure that links options markets to underlying liquidity.

Liquidity · Foundations

Discount Window Borrowing

Discount Window borrowing measures bank use of Federal Reserve emergency liquidity and serves as a signal of funding pressure and banking-sector strain.

Liquidity · Foundations

ECB Balance Sheet

The ECB balance sheet reflects the scale of European Central Bank asset holdings and helps track euro-area liquidity, policy transmission, and duration absorption.

Macro Policy · Foundations

Emergency Liquidity Facility

Emergency Liquidity Facility — Standing and ad-hoc facilities that reveal where stress is concentrated in the financial system.

Liquidity · Foundations

Fed Balance Sheet

The Fed balance sheet reflects the scale of Federal Reserve asset holdings and is a major driver of reserves, liquidity conditions, and policy transmission.

Liquidity · Foundations

FRA-OIS Spread

FRA-OIS spread measures the difference between interbank funding expectations and overnight indexed swap rates, often used as a gauge of banking and short-term funding stress.

Liquidity · Foundations

Funding Liquidity Spiral

Funding Liquidity Spiral — Asset-market illiquidity and funding stress reinforcing each other.

Desk Slang · Foundations

Hit the Bid

To hit the bid is to sell at the posted bid — you are the aggressor lifting liquidity on the sell side, not joining the offer.

Liquidity · Foundations

Initial Margin Procyclicality

Initial Margin Procyclicality — Margin models that rise sharply in stress and amplify deleveraging.

Equity · Foundations

Initial Public Offering

An IPO is a private firm’s first sale of stock to public investors — a liquidity and valuation event, not a proof of quality.

Liquidity · Foundations

LIBOR-OIS Spread

LIBOR-OIS spread tracks the gap between unsecured bank funding rates and overnight indexed swap rates, historically serving as a benchmark for banking-system stress.

Banking · Foundations

Liquidity Coverage Ratio

Liquidity Coverage Ratio — Regulatory high-quality liquid asset requirement for 30-day stress.

Economics · Foundations

Liquidity Trap

A liquidity trap is a state where the policy rate is at or near the effective lower bound and extra money is hoarded rather than spent, so conventional rate cuts stop working.

Liquidity · Foundations

Margin

Margin is collateral posted against a leveraged position — the cash or securities that keep the broker or CCP whole.

Liquidity · Foundations

Margin Call

A margin call is a demand to post more collateral when the account equity falls below maintenance — pay, pledge, or be sold out.

Execution · Foundations

Microstructure

The mechanics of price formation through order flow, spreads, inventory, and liquidity.

Macro Policy · Foundations

Monetary Policy

Monetary policy is the central bank’s control of short rates, liquidity, and sometimes the balance sheet — the price of reserves and the path of the front end.

Liquidity · Foundations

Money Market Fund Assets

Money market fund assets track the amount of cash parked in short-term low-risk vehicles, providing insight into liquidity preference, deposit substitution, and defensive positioning.

Cards · 4
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