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Results for “options” · papers 18 · wiki 36
Academic Papers · 18arXiv q-fin live 0 · desk corpus 122
arXiv · arXiv · 2025

Proactive Market Making and Liquidity Analysis for Everlasting Options in DeFi Ecosystems

Everlasting options, a relatively new class of perpetual financial derivatives, have emerged to tackle the challenges of rolling contracts and liquidity fragmentation in decentralized finance markets. This paper offers an in-depth analysis of markets for everlasting options, modeled using a dynamic proactive market maker. We examine the behavior of funding fees and transaction costs across varying liquidity condition

Hardhik Mohanty, Giovanni Zaarour, Bhaskar Krishnamachari
arXiv · arXiv · 2025

DeltaHedge: A Multi-Agent Framework for Portfolio Options Optimization

In volatile financial markets, balancing risk and return remains a significant challenge. Traditional approaches often focus solely on equity allocation, overlooking the strategic advantages of options trading for dynamic risk hedging. This work presents DeltaHedge, a multi-agent framework that integrates options trading with AI-driven portfolio management. By combining advanced reinforcement learning techniques with

Feliks Bańka, Jarosław A. Chudziak
arXiv · arXiv · 2025

Modeling Loss-Versus-Rebalancing in Automated Market Makers via Continuous-Installment Options

This paper mathematically models a constant-function automated market maker (CFAMM) position as a portfolio of exotic options, known as perpetual American continuous-installment (CI) options. This model replicates an AMM position's delta at each point in time over an infinite time horizon, thus taking into account the perpetual nature and optionality to withdraw of liquidity provision. This framework yields two key t

Srisht Fateh Singh, Reina Ke Xin Li, Samuel Gaskin, Yuntao Wu, Jeffrey Klinck
arXiv · arXiv · 2024

High-Frequency Options Trading | With Portfolio Optimization

This paper explores the effectiveness of high-frequency options trading strategies enhanced by advanced portfolio optimization techniques, investigating their ability to consistently generate positive returns compared to traditional long or short positions on options. Utilizing SPY options data recorded in five-minute intervals over a one-month period, we calculate key metrics such as Option Greeks and implied volati

Sid Bhatia
arXiv · arXiv · 2021

Solution Representations of Solving Problems for the Black-Scholes equations and Application to the Pricing Options on Bond with Credit Risk

In this paper is investigated the pricing problem of options on bonds with credit risk based on analysis on two kinds of solving problems for the Black-Scholes equations. First, a solution representation of the Black-Scholes equation with the maturity payoff function which is the product of the power function, normal distribution function and characteristic function is provided. Then a solution representation of a sp

Hyong-Chol O, Tae-Song Kim, Tae-Song Choe
arXiv · arXiv · 2016

No-arbitrage and hedging with liquid American options

Since most of the traded options on individual stocks is of American type it is of interest to generalize the results obtained in semi-static trading to the case when one is allowed to statically trade American options. However, this problem has proved to be elusive so far because of the asymmetric nature of the positions of holding versus shorting such options. Here we provide a unified framework and generalize the

Erhan Bayraktar, Zhou Zhou
arXiv · arXiv · 2015

Arbitrage, hedging and utility maximization using semi-static trading strategies with American options

We consider a financial market where stocks are available for dynamic trading, and European and American options are available for static trading (semi-static trading strategies). We assume that the American options are infinitely divisible, and can only be bought but not sold. In the first part of the paper, we work within the framework without model ambiguity. We first get the fundamental theorem of asset pricing (

Erhan Bayraktar, Zhou Zhou
OpenAlex · The Journal of Derivatives · 2003 · cites 153

Volatility Risk Premiums Embedded in Individual Equity Options

The accumulation of trading experience and empirical evidence since the original Black-Scholes (BS) model was developed, have made it increasingly evident that volatility is not a constant parameter, as BS assumed, but stochastic. With a second random factor associated with volatility affecting security returns, it would not be surprising if investors cared about bearing risk related to that factor. And there is cons

Gurdip Bakshi, Nikunj Kapadia
OpenAlex · The Journal of Business · 2006 · cites 130

Predictable Dynamics in the S&P 500 Index Options Implied Volatility Surface*

One key stylized fact in the empirical option pricing literature is the existence of an implied volatility surface (IVS). The usual approach consists of Þtting a linear model linking the implied volatility to the time to maturity and the moneyness, for each cross section of options data. However, recent empirical evidence suggests that the parameters characterizing the IVS change over time. In this paper we study whe

Śılvia Gonçalves, Massimo Guidolin
arXiv · arXiv · 2026

Velocity- and Regime-Aware Detection of Intraday Options Market Manipulation, with Explainable Attribution

Intraday market manipulation is hard to detect because its footprint is brief, buried in millions of quotes, and statistically similar to ordinary volatility. Detectors reach high recall only by flagging so many other days that measured precision collapses, producing alerts no regulator can act on. We show that this manipulation leaves a distinctive dynamic signature: a pump-and-crash pattern visible in the velocity

Alex Chen, Maria Hybinette
arXiv · arXiv · 2026

Pricing options on illiquid assets using liquid market benchmarks: an application to energy markets

The Gasoil options market is illiquid, making it difficult to construct its implied volatility surface directly. However, it is closely linked to the highly liquid Brent options market. In this paper, we jointly model Brent and Gasoil futures prices through a correlated Bachelier local volatility model: the Brent factor is described by a normal mixture diffusion model, while the Gasoil-Brent spot volatility spread is

Federico Aluigi, Lucia Caramellino, Paolo Pigato, Edoardo Scrima
arXiv · arXiv · 2026

Designing On-Chain Options: Amortizing Perpetual Options

Financial options are fundamental to traditional markets, enabling strategies ranging from hedging to speculating. Yet, while the Automated Market Maker paradigm has revolutionized decentralized spot markets, no equivalent standard has emerged for on-chain options. Typical designs attempt to replicate centralized exchange mechanics, requiring high-frequency oracles and robust liquidation engines which may fail during

Maxim Bichuch, Zachary Feinstein
arXiv · arXiv · 2026

On options-driven realized volatility forecasting: Information gains via rough volatility model

We examine whether model-based spot volatility estimators extracted from traded options data enhance the predictive power of the Heterogeneous Autoregressive (HAR) model for realized volatility. Specifically, we infer spot volatility under the rough stochastic volatility model via an iterative two-step approach following Andersen et al. (2015a) and adopt a deep learning surrogate to accelerate model estimation from l

Zheqi Fan, Meng Melody Wang, Yifan Ye
arXiv · arXiv · 2026

Pricing Lookback Options on a Quantum Computer

We develop a quantum algorithm to price discretely monitored lookback options in the Black-Scholes framework using imaginary time evolution. By rewriting the pricing PDE as a Schrodinger-type equation, the problem becomes the imaginary time evolution of a quantum state under a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian. This evolution is approximated with the Variational Quantum imaginary time evolution (VarQITE) method, which replac

Florence Paquette, Tania Belabbas, Emmanuel Hamel, Anne MacKay
arXiv · arXiv · 2026

From Volatility to Variance: A Skew-Enhanced SABR Model and Its Empirical Study in the Chinese Financial Options Market

Accurately characterizing the implied volatility curves is a central challenge in option pricing and risk management. The classical SABR model by Hagan et al. has been widely adopted in practice due to its well-defined stochastic volatility structure and its tractable closed-form approximation for Black implied volatility. However, under complex market conditions, its fitting accuracy for implied volatility curves re

Wenxuan Zhang, Zhouchi Lin, Benzhuo Lu
arXiv · arXiv · 2026

Recovering Risk-Neutral Moments from Options

Extracting risk-neutral dependence from option prices has remained an open problem since Ross (1976). We propose a projection estimator that uses portfolios of observed options to approximate payoffs depending on multiple assets. The method delivers estimates of risk-neutral dependence in incomplete markets, improves univariate estimates, and yields a finite-sample error bound. Applying the method to two unexpected S

Tjeerd De Vries
arXiv · arXiv · 2025

Efficient Importance Sampling under Heston Model: Short Maturity and Deep Out-of-the-Money Options

This paper investigates asymptotically optimal importance sampling (IS) schemes for pricing European call options under the Heston stochastic volatility model. We focus on two distinct rare-event regimes where standard Monte Carlo methods suffer from significant variance deterioration: the limit as maturity approaches zero and the limit as the strike price tends to infinity. Leveraging the large deviation principle (

Yun-Feng Tu, Chuan-Hsiang Han
arXiv · arXiv · 2025

Generative Pricing of Basket Options via Signature-Conditioned Mixture Density Networks

We present a generative framework for pricing European-style basket options by learning the conditional terminal distribution of the log arithmetic-weighted basket return. A Mixture Density Network (MDN) maps time-varying market inputs encoded via truncated path signatures to the full terminal density in a single forward pass. Traditional approaches either impose restrictive assumptions or require costly re-simulatio

Hasib Uddin Molla, Antony Ware, Ilnaz Asadzadeh, Nelson Mesquita Fernandes
Wiki Entities · 36
Credit

High Yield OAS

High Yield OAS measures the spread of high-yield corporate bonds over risk-free Treasuries after adjusting for embedded options, serving as a key gauge of speculative credit stress.

Credit

Investment Grade OAS

Investment Grade OAS measures the spread of high-quality corporate bonds over Treasuries after adjusting for embedded options, helping track broad corporate credit conditions.

CTA

Commodity Trading Advisor

A CTA is a manager — often CFTC/NFA registered — that runs client money in futures and options on futures, long and short, across rates, FX, equities, and commodities.

CTA

CTA Option Writer

A CTA that is structurally short implied volatility — harvesting VRP with futures options, and owning a jump left tail.

CTA

CTA Options Strategy

Express views with listed options on futures — defined-risk directional, calendars, or vol — still a CTA if the underlying is a commodity interest.

CTA

Long-Volatility CTA

A managed-futures book that is structurally long options or long VIX-curve convexity — pays carry, aims to print in jumps and persistent stress.

CTA

Multi-Strategy CTA

A single platform that allocates risk across trend, carry, short-term, RV, and sometimes options — a house of sleeves, not a style-pure trend shop.

Derivatives

Binomial Tree Pricing

Binomial Tree Pricing — Discrete recombining tree for American and path-sensitive options.

Derivatives

Black-Scholes Model

Black-Scholes is the European option formula under lognormal spot, constant vol, and continuous hedging — a quoting convention more than a belief about the world.

Derivatives

Calendar Spread

Calendar Spread — Relative vol trade across expiries exploiting term structure dislocations.

Derivatives

Call Option

A call option is the right, not the obligation, to buy the underlying at a strike by expiry — convex upside for a premium.

Derivatives

Collar

A collar is long stock, long a put, and short a call — a banded payoff, often structured to be zero-debit.

Derivatives

Covered Call

A covered call is long the stock and short a call — you sell upside for premium and keep the downside.

Derivatives

Dealer Gamma Positioning

Dealer gamma positioning describes whether option dealers are structurally long or short gamma, shaping how hedging flows amplify or dampen market moves.

Derivatives

Delta

Delta is the first derivative of option value to the underlying — the hedge ratio and a moneyness label.

Derivatives

Delta Hedging

Delta Hedging — Continuous rebalancing of directional exposure that links options markets to underlying liquidity.

Derivatives

Gamma Hedging

Gamma Hedging — Delta adjustments by dealers that can accelerate trends or pin prices near strikes.

Derivatives

Implied Volatility

Implied volatility is the σ you plug into Black-Scholes to match the market price — a quote of the option, not a forecast you must believe.

Derivatives

Implied Volatility Surface

Implied Volatility Surface — Strike and tenor structure of implied vol, the core object for vol trading and risk.

Derivatives

Iron Condor Structure

Iron Condor Structure — Short vol range trade expressing view of subdued movement between strikes.

Derivatives

LEAPS Options

LEAPS Options — Long-dated equity options used for leveraged directional or hedge overlays.

Derivatives

Moneyness

Moneyness is where spot sits versus strike — in, at, or out of the money — the first map of option value and of Greek shape.

Derivatives

Option Greeks

Greeks are the sensitivities of option value to spot, vol, time, and rates — the risk report of a non-linear book.

Derivatives

Options Open Interest

Options Open Interest — Outstanding contracts revealing crowd positioning and potential gamma walls.

Derivatives

Protective Put

A protective put is long the asset and long a put — a floor under the position for a premium that bleeds.

Derivatives

Put Option

A put option is the right to sell the underlying at a strike — convex downside, or a hedge that costs carry.

Derivatives

Put-Call Parity

Put-call parity is the no-arbitrage link C − P = F − K (discounted) — a European call and put with the same K and T are one instrument plus cash.

Derivatives

Risk Reversal

Risk Reversal — Call-put spread package measuring directional skew in FX and equity options.

Derivatives

Skew

Skew measures the relative richness of downside versus upside implied volatility, helping track hedging demand and asymmetry in market risk pricing.

Derivatives

Straddle

A straddle is a call and a put at the same strike — a bet on a large move, long or short, without picking direction.

Derivatives

Strangle

A strangle is an OTM call plus an OTM put — cheaper than a straddle, needs a bigger move, same vol-vs-realized logic.

Derivatives

Strike Price

The strike is the contract price at which an option can be exercised — the hinge of moneyness and of the payoff kink.

Derivatives

Theta Decay

Theta Decay — Time decay of option premium, the carry engine for systematic short-vol strategies.

Derivatives

Vanna Charm Flow

Vanna Charm Flow — Second-order greek hedging flows that amplify or dampen spot moves around expiries.

Derivatives

VIX Index

VIX Index measures implied volatility in S&P 500 options and is widely used as a shorthand for equity market fear and risk aversion.

Desk Slang

Gamma Squeeze

A gamma squeeze is a price spiral where dealer hedging of short call (or put) gamma forces them to buy rallies and sell dips, amplifying the move that created the gamma.

Option Blackboard · 2
Encyclopedia · 16
Derivatives · Foundations

Binomial Tree Pricing

Binomial Tree Pricing — Discrete recombining tree for American and path-sensitive options.

CTA · Foundations

Commodity Trading Advisor

A CTA is a manager — often CFTC/NFA registered — that runs client money in futures and options on futures, long and short, across rates, FX, equities, and commodities.

CTA · Foundations

CTA Option Writer

A CTA that is structurally short implied volatility — harvesting VRP with futures options, and owning a jump left tail.

CTA · Foundations

CTA Options Strategy

Express views with listed options on futures — defined-risk directional, calendars, or vol — still a CTA if the underlying is a commodity interest.

Derivatives · Foundations

Delta Hedging

Delta Hedging — Continuous rebalancing of directional exposure that links options markets to underlying liquidity.

Equity · Foundations

Diluted Shares

Diluted shares are the share count as if in-the-money options, convertibles, and other claims were exercised — the honest denominator for EPS and value.

Credit · Foundations

High Yield OAS

High Yield OAS measures the spread of high-yield corporate bonds over risk-free Treasuries after adjusting for embedded options, serving as a key gauge of speculative credit stress.

Credit · Foundations

Investment Grade OAS

Investment Grade OAS measures the spread of high-quality corporate bonds over Treasuries after adjusting for embedded options, helping track broad corporate credit conditions.

Derivatives · Foundations

LEAPS Options

LEAPS Options — Long-dated equity options used for leveraged directional or hedge overlays.

CTA · Foundations

Long-Volatility CTA

A managed-futures book that is structurally long options or long VIX-curve convexity — pays carry, aims to print in jumps and persistent stress.

CTA · Foundations

Multi-Strategy CTA

A single platform that allocates risk across trend, carry, short-term, RV, and sometimes options — a house of sleeves, not a style-pure trend shop.

Fixed Income · Foundations

Option-Adjusted Spread

Option-Adjusted Spread — Spread adjusted for embedded prepayment options in callable bonds and MBS.

Derivatives · Foundations

Options Open Interest

Options Open Interest — Outstanding contracts revealing crowd positioning and potential gamma walls.

Derivatives · Foundations

Risk Reversal

Risk Reversal — Call-put spread package measuring directional skew in FX and equity options.

Quant · Foundations

Tail Risk Hedging

Tail Risk Hedging — Explicit protection against left-tail moves via options, vol, or convex instruments.

Derivatives · Foundations

VIX Index

VIX Index measures implied volatility in S&P 500 options and is widely used as a shorthand for equity market fear and risk aversion.

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