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Results for “short” · papers 18 · wiki 36
Academic Papers · 18arXiv q-fin live 8 · desk corpus 180
arXiv · arXiv · 2024

Market-Neutral Strategies in Mid-Cap Portfolio Management: A Data-Driven Approach to Long-Short Equity

Mid-cap companies, generally valued between \$2 billion and \$10 billion, provide investors with a well-rounded opportunity between the fluctuation of small-cap stocks and the stability of large-cap stocks. This research builds upon the long-short equity approach (e.g., Michaud, 2018; Dimitriu, Alexander, 2002) customized for mid-cap equities, providing steady risk-adjusted returns yielding a significant Sharpe ratio

Saumya Kothari, Harsh Shah, Utkarsh Prajapati, Shrinjay Kaushik
arXiv · arXiv · 2023

Learning to Predict Short-Term Volatility with Order Flow Image Representation

Introduction: The paper addresses the challenging problem of predicting the short-term realized volatility of the Bitcoin price using order flow information. The inherent stochastic nature and anti-persistence of price pose difficulties in accurate prediction. Methods: To address this, we propose a method that transforms order flow data over a fixed time interval (snapshots) into images. The order flow includes trade

Artem Lensky, Mingyu Hao
arXiv · arXiv · 2026

The Double-Edged Sword of Short-Selling Bans

We develop a theoretical model that endogenizes the regulator's decision to impose short-selling bans to prevent large stock price declines. Empirically, we test the model's predictions using the cross-sectional variation in short-selling restrictions implemented across European countries in 2020. Consistent with our model, we find that bans had a detrimental effect on liquidity and failed to support the average pric

Pasquale Della Corte, Robert Kosowski, Dimitris Papadimitriou, Nikolaos P. Rapanos
arXiv · arXiv · 2026

Is Trend Still Your Friend?: A Microstructural Account of the Demise of Short-Term Trend-Following

Systematic trend following has, on average, been profitable for at least two centuries; yet since approximately 2009, short-term trends have ceased to deliver reliable returns. Using a cross-section of roughly 100 liquid futures contracts spanning 1995-2025, together with an industry-representative CTA proxy, we document the break and characterise its dependence on signal speed and asset class. We evaluate four candi

Jutta G. Kurth, Zoltan Eisler, Adam Rej, Jean-Philippe Bouchaud
arXiv · arXiv · 2025

Short-rate models with stochastic discontinuities: a PDE approach

With the reform of interest rate benchmarks, interbank offered rates (IBORs) like LIBOR have been replaced by risk-free rates (RFRs), such as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) in the U.S. and the Euro Short-Term Rate (\euro STR) in Europe. These rates exhibit characteristics like jumps and spikes that correspond to specific market events, driven by regulatory and liquidity constraints. To capture these char

Alessandro Calvia, Marzia De Donno, Chiara Guardasoni, Simona Sanfelici
arXiv · arXiv · 2024

On short-time behavior of implied volatility in a market model with indexes

This paper investigates short-term behaviors of implied volatility of derivatives written on indexes in equity markets when the index processes are constructed by using a ranking procedure. Even in simple market settings where stock prices follow geometric Brownian motion dynamics, the ranking mechanism can produce the observed term structure of at-the-money (ATM) implied volatility skew for equity indexes. Our propo

Huy N. Chau, Duy Nguyen, Thai Nguyen
arXiv · arXiv · 2024

Long Short-Term Memory Pattern Recognition in Currency Trading

This study delves into the analysis of financial markets through the lens of Wyckoff Phases, a framework devised by Richard D. Wyckoff in the early 20th century. Focusing on the accumulation pattern within the Wyckoff framework, the research explores the phases of trading range and secondary test, elucidating their significance in understanding market dynamics and identifying potential trading opportunities. By disse

Jai Pal
arXiv · arXiv · 2021

Short Rate Dynamics: A Fed Funds and SOFR perspective

The Secured Overnight Funding Rate (SOFR) is becoming the main Risk-Free Rate benchmark in US dollars, thus interest rate term structure models need to be updated to reflect the key features exhibited by the dynamics of SOFR and the forward rates implied by SOFR futures. Historically, interest rate term structure modelling has been based on rates of substantially longer time to maturity than overnight, but with SOFR

Karol Gellert, Erik Schlögl
arXiv · arXiv · 2020

Deep Reinforcement Learning for Long-Short Portfolio Optimization

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, data-driven methods effectively overcome limitations in traditional portfolio optimization. Conventional models primarily employ long-only mechanisms, excluding highly correlated assets to diversify risk. However, incorporating short-selling enables low-risk arbitrage through hedging correlated assets. This paper constructs a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) por

Gang Huang, Xiaohua Zhou, Qingyang Song
arXiv · arXiv · 2018

On The Calibration of Short-Term Interest Rates Through a CIR Model

It is well known that the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross (CIR) stochastic model to study the term structure of interest rates, as introduced in 1985, is inadequate for modelling the current market environment with negative short interest rates. Moreover, the diffusion term in the rate dynamics goes to zero when short rates are small; both volatility and long-run mean do not change with time; they do not fit with the skewed (fat

Giuseppe Orlando, Rosa Maria Mininni, Michele Bufalo
arXiv · arXiv · 2016

Numerical and analytical methods for bond pricing in short rate convergence models of interest rates

In this survey paper we discuss recent advances on short interest rate models which can be formulated in terms of a stochastic differential equation for the instantaneous interest rate (also called short rate) or a system of such equations in case the short rate is assumed to depend also on other stochastic factors. Our focus is on convergence models, which explain the evolution of interest rate in connection with th

Zuzana Buckova, Beata Stehlikova, Daniel Sevcovic
arXiv · arXiv · 2012

Optimal starting times, stopping times and risk measures for algorithmic trading: Target Close and Implementation Shortfall

We derive explicit recursive formulas for Target Close (TC) and Implementation Shortfall (IS) in the Almgren-Chriss framework. We explain how to compute the optimal starting and stopping times for IS and TC, respectively, given a minimum trading size. We also show how to add a minimum participation rate constraint (Percentage of Volume, PVol) for both TC and IS. We also study an alternative set of risk measures for t

Mauricio Labadie, Charles-Albert Lehalle
OpenAlex · Applied Sciences · 2020 · cites 191

Portfolio Optimization-Based Stock Prediction Using Long-Short Term Memory Network in Quantitative Trading

In quantitative trading, stock prediction plays an important role in developing an effective trading strategy to achieve a substantial return. Prediction outcomes also are the prerequisites for active portfolio construction and optimization. However, the stock prediction is a challenging task because of the diversified factors involved such as uncertainty and instability. Most of the previous research focuses on anal

Van-Dai Ta, Chuan-Ming Liu, Direselign Addis Tadesse
arXiv · arXiv · 2026

Harvesting the Variance Risk Premium in Nuclear and Energy Equities: A Short-Put Portfolio Derisking Strategy

We study whether nuclear and energy-adjacent equity options exhibit a harvestable variance risk premium. Using CRSP and OptionMetrics data for 2000-2024, we construct a systematic cash-secured short-put strategy on a curated universe of nuclear-related firms. The strategy compares at-the-money put implied volatility with GARCH-based realized volatility forecasts, then evaluates unconditional and IV/RV-filtered put-wr

Jilang Miao, Nonna Sorokina
arXiv · arXiv · 2026

A Two-Stage Decision Support System for Sustainability-Aware Long Short Portfolio Optimization

This paper proposes a two-stage decision support system for long-short portfolio optimization under environmental, social, and governance (ESG) considerations. In the first stage, assets are evaluated using a multi-criteria procedure based on TODIMSort, with criterion weights derived using the MEREC (Removal Effects of Criteria) method. This allows assets to be assigned to classes ordered according to preferences tha

Giacomo di Tollo, Massimiliano Kaucic, Filippo Piccotto
arXiv · arXiv · 2026

Pareto frontier of portfolio investment under volatility uncertainty and short-sale constraints market

In this paper, we investigate a portfolio investment problem under volatility uncertainty and short-sale constraints market via sublinear expectation which is used to model volatility uncertainty. We assume the stocks admit volatility uncertainty. Thus the related portfolio has upper variance (maximum risk) and lower variance (minimum risk). By introducing a risk factor $w$ to conduct coupled modeling of the maximum

Jing He, Shuzhen Yang
arXiv · arXiv · 2026

VIX and European options with jumps in the short-maturity regime

We present a study of the short-maturity asymptotics for VIX and European option prices in local-stochastic volatility models with compound Poisson jumps. Both out-of-the-money (OTM) and at-the-money (ATM) asymptotics are considered. The leading-order asymptotics are obtained in closed-form. We apply our results to three examples: the Eraker model, a Kou-type model, and a folded normal model. Numerical illustrations

Desen Guo, Dan Pirjol, Xiaoyu Wang, Lingjiong Zhu
arXiv · arXiv · 2026

Brownian ReLU(Br-ReLU): A New Activation Function for a Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) Network

Deep learning models are effective for sequential data modeling, yet commonly used activation functions such as ReLU, LeakyReLU, and PReLU often exhibit gradient instability when applied to noisy, non-stationary financial time series. This study introduces BrownianReLU, a stochastic activation function induced by Brownian motion that enhances gradient propagation and learning stability in Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM

George Awiakye-Marfo, Elijah Agbosu, Victoria Mawuena Barns, Samuel Asante Gyamerah
Wiki Entities · 36
AI Systems

Long Short-Term Memory

LSTM is a gated RNN whose cell state can carry information across many steps, with input, forget, and output gates trained by gradient descent.

Banking

Systemic Risk Indicator

Systemic Risk Indicator — Aggregate capital shortfall under stress — connects banking to macro hedges.

Crypto

Crypto Perpetual Funding Rate

Crypto Perpetual Funding Rate — Periodic payment between longs and shorts that anchors perp to spot.

CTA

Commodity Trading Advisor

A CTA is a manager — often CFTC/NFA registered — that runs client money in futures and options on futures, long and short, across rates, FX, equities, and commodities.

CTA

Contrarian CTA

A CTA that tries to pick turns — anticipatory shorts of highs and buys of lows — the opposite personality of a breakout shop.

CTA

Crack Spread CTA Sleeve

Refinery margin: long gasoline and distillate, short crude, in a stated ratio — energy RV rather than a WTI call.

CTA

CTA Long/Short Symmetry

Whether the program treats shorts with the same rules and risk as longs — the difference between a two-way CTA and a long-biased TAA in a futures wrapper.

CTA

CTA Mean Reversion

Fade stretched moves in futures over short horizons — the anti-trend sleeve that makes money in ranges and loses when a crisis trend persists.

CTA

CTA Option Writer

A CTA that is structurally short implied volatility — harvesting VRP with futures options, and owning a jump left tail.

CTA

CTA Trend Following

The core CTA recipe: in each futures market, go long if the trend is up and short if it is down, size by volatility, and let the stop or the signal flip you out.

CTA

Donchian Channel Breakout

Enter long on an N-day high and short on an N-day low; exit on a shorter M-day opposite extreme — Richard Donchian’s channel, still the skeleton of many CTA breakouts.

CTA

Dual Moving-Average Crossover

Long when a fast average is above a slow average, short when it is below — the other canonical CTA signal next to breakouts.

CTA

Inter-Commodity Spread CTA

Long one commodity, short a related one — WTI/Brent, gold/silver, corn/wheat, gas/power — a relative-value family across complexes.

CTA

Multi-Strategy CTA

A single platform that allocates risk across trend, carry, short-term, RV, and sometimes options — a house of sleeves, not a style-pure trend shop.

CTA

Short-Term CTA

Holds for a few days to two weeks — higher turnover, tighter capacity, lower correlation to slow trend, and a different execution problem.

CTA

Soybean Crush Spread

Long soymeal and soyoil versus short soybeans (or the reverse) — the processor’s margin as a futures spread.

CTA

STIR CTA

Short-term interest-rate futures — SOFR, SONIA, Euribor strips — a specialist language of meeting-to-meeting path trades and pack/bundle spreads.

Derivatives

Butterfly Spread

A butterfly is long one wing, short two bodies, long the other wing — a bet on a pin or on the curvature of the smile.

Derivatives

Collar

A collar is long stock, long a put, and short a call — a banded payoff, often structured to be zero-debit.

Derivatives

Covered Call

A covered call is long the stock and short a call — you sell upside for premium and keep the downside.

Derivatives

Dealer Gamma Positioning

Dealer gamma positioning describes whether option dealers are structurally long or short gamma, shaping how hedging flows amplify or dampen market moves.

Derivatives

Implied Realized Spread

Implied Realized Spread — Gap between implied and realized vol that defines carry for short-vol books.

Derivatives

Iron Condor Structure

Iron Condor Structure — Short vol range trade expressing view of subdued movement between strikes.

Derivatives

Straddle

A straddle is a call and a put at the same strike — a bet on a large move, long or short, without picking direction.

Derivatives

Theta Decay

Theta Decay — Time decay of option premium, the carry engine for systematic short-vol strategies.

Derivatives

Vega

Vega is the sensitivity of option value to implied volatility — the vol-dollar you are long or short.

Derivatives

VIX Futures Term Structure

VIX Futures Term Structure — Curve shape driving roll yield for vol ETNs and systematic short-vol carry.

Derivatives

VIX Index

VIX Index measures implied volatility in S&P 500 options and is widely used as a shorthand for equity market fear and risk aversion.

Desk Slang

Dead Cat Bounce

A dead-cat bounce is a short, technical rebound inside a larger decline — the cat bounces, but it is still dead — not a regime change.

Desk Slang

Gamma Squeeze

A gamma squeeze is a price spiral where dealer hedging of short call (or put) gamma forces them to buy rallies and sell dips, amplifying the move that created the gamma.

Desk Slang

Picking Up Pennies

Picking up pennies in front of a steamroller is harvesting small carry or premium while being short a rare, violent tail.

Desk Slang

Short Covering

Short covering is buying to close a short — a rally driven by the short base shrinking, not by new longs arriving with a fundamental bid.

Desk Slang

Stuffed

Stuffed means a dealer or salesperson was left long (or short) inventory they did not want, usually after a client or a syndicate left paper on the desk.

Financial Crises

Asian Financial Crisis 1997

The 1997–98 Asian crisis was a sequence of peg breaks, bank runs, and sudden stops starting in Thailand — short-dollar corporate debt plus weak bank regulation meeting a reversal of carry.

Financial Crises

Russia / LTCM 1998

Russia’s August 1998 default and devaluation blew up leveraged relative-value books, culminating in the LTCM rescue — a reminder that ‘hedged’ can mean ‘short liquidity in every state.’

Fixed Income

Inverted Yield Curve

An inverted curve is short rates above long rates — a market statement about expected cuts, term premium, and sometimes recession risk.

Option Blackboard · 2
Encyclopedia · 24
Strategies · Foundations

Accrual Anomaly

Short high-accrual (low cash-earnings-quality) firms and long low-accrual firms — Sloan’s earnings-quality sort.

Strategies · Foundations

Analyst Revision Strategy

Long names with upward earnings-estimate revisions and short downward revisions — the revision-momentum book.

Financial Crises · Foundations

Asian Financial Crisis 1997

The 1997–98 Asian crisis was a sequence of peg breaks, bank runs, and sudden stops starting in Thailand — short-dollar corporate debt plus weak bank regulation meeting a reversal of carry.

Strategies · Foundations

Asset Growth Effect

Short high asset-growth firms and long low/negative growth — the investment/empire-building anomaly.

Strategies · Foundations

Betting Against Beta in Stocks

Long leveraged low-beta stocks and short high-beta stocks so the book is roughly market-neutral — BAB, not raw low-vol.

Derivatives · Foundations

Butterfly Spread

A butterfly is long one wing, short two bodies, long the other wing — a bet on a pin or on the curvature of the smile.

Derivatives · Foundations

Collar

A collar is long stock, long a put, and short a call — a banded payoff, often structured to be zero-debit.

Liquidity · Foundations

Commercial Paper Spread

Commercial paper spreads track the cost of short-term corporate borrowing relative to safer benchmarks and help identify stress in corporate funding markets.

CTA · Foundations

Commodity Trading Advisor

A CTA is a manager — often CFTC/NFA registered — that runs client money in futures and options on futures, long and short, across rates, FX, equities, and commodities.

CTA · Foundations

Contrarian CTA

A CTA that tries to pick turns — anticipatory shorts of highs and buys of lows — the opposite personality of a breakout shop.

Strategies · Foundations

Convertible Arbitrage

Long the convertible and short the delta in the stock — harvest cheap implied vol / credit, with funding and squeeze risk.

Derivatives · Foundations

Covered Call

A covered call is long the stock and short a call — you sell upside for premium and keep the downside.

CTA · Foundations

Crack Spread CTA Sleeve

Refinery margin: long gasoline and distillate, short crude, in a stated ratio — energy RV rather than a WTI call.

Crypto · Foundations

Crypto Perpetual Funding Rate

Crypto Perpetual Funding Rate — Periodic payment between longs and shorts that anchors perp to spot.

CTA · Foundations

CTA Long/Short Symmetry

Whether the program treats shorts with the same rules and risk as longs — the difference between a two-way CTA and a long-biased TAA in a futures wrapper.

CTA · Foundations

CTA Mean Reversion

Fade stretched moves in futures over short horizons — the anti-trend sleeve that makes money in ranges and loses when a crisis trend persists.

CTA · Foundations

CTA Option Writer

A CTA that is structurally short implied volatility — harvesting VRP with futures options, and owning a jump left tail.

CTA · Foundations

CTA Trend Following

The core CTA recipe: in each futures market, go long if the trend is up and short if it is down, size by volatility, and let the stop or the signal flip you out.

Strategies · Foundations

Currency Momentum Strategy

Long currencies that appreciated over the lookback, short those that depreciated — cross-sectional FX momentum.

Strategies · Foundations

Currency Value Factor — PPP Strategy

Long undervalued currencies and short overvalued ones versus purchasing-power parity or real-rate gaps — FX value, slow and mean-reverting.

Desk Slang · Foundations

Dead Cat Bounce

A dead-cat bounce is a short, technical rebound inside a larger decline — the cat bounces, but it is still dead — not a regime change.

Derivatives · Foundations

Dealer Gamma Positioning

Dealer gamma positioning describes whether option dealers are structurally long or short gamma, shaping how hedging flows amplify or dampen market moves.

CTA · Foundations

Donchian Channel Breakout

Enter long on an N-day high and short on an N-day low; exit on a shorter M-day opposite extreme — Richard Donchian’s channel, still the skeleton of many CTA breakouts.

CTA · Foundations

Dual Moving-Average Crossover

Long when a fast average is above a slow average, short when it is below — the other canonical CTA signal next to breakouts.

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