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Results for “IM” · papers 18 · wiki 36
Academic Papers · 18arXiv q-fin live 8 · desk corpus 81
OpenAlex · Review of Financial Studies · 2005 · cites 928

How Often to Sample a Continuous-Time Process in the Presence of Market Microstructure Noise

In theory, the sum of squares of log returns sampled at high frequency estimates their variance. When market microstructure noise is present but unaccounted for, however, we show that the optimal sampling frequency is finite and derives its closed-form expression. But even with optimal sampling, using say 5-min returns when transactions are recorded every second, a vast amount of data is discarded, in contradiction t

Yacine Aı̈t-Sahalia, Per A. Mykland, Lan Zhang
OpenAlex · The Journal of Finance · 2004 · cites 391

Price Discovery in the U.S. Treasury Market: The Impact of Orderflow and Liquidity on the Yield Curve

ABSTRACT We examine the role of price discovery in the U.S. Treasury market through the empirical relationship between orderflow, liquidity, and the yield curve. We find that orderflow imbalances (excess buying or selling pressure) account for up to 26% of the day‐to‐day variation in yields on days without major macroeconomic announcements. The effect of orderflow on yields is permanent and strongest when liquidity i

Michael W. Brandt, Kenneth A. Kavajecz
OpenAlex · European Finance Review · 2005 · cites 189

The Price of Future Liquidity: Time-Varying Liquidity in the U.S. Treasury Market

Abstract This paper examines the price differences between very liquid on-the-run U.S. Treasury securities and less liquid off-the-run securities over the on/off cycle. Comparing pairs of securities in time-series regressions allows us to disregard any fixed cross-sectional differences between securities. Also, since the liquidity of Treasury notes varies predictably over time, we can distinguish between current and

David Goldreich, Bernd Hanke, Purnendu Nath
OpenAlex · Quantitative Finance · 2008 · cites 499

High-frequency trading in a limit order book

We study a stock dealer’s strategy for submitting bid and ask quotes in a limit order book. The agent faces an inventory risk due to the diffusive nature of the stock’s mid-price and a transactions risk due to a Poisson arrival of market buy and sell orders. After setting up the agent’s problem in a maximal expected utility framework, we derive the solution in a two step procedure. First, the dealer computes a person

Marco Avellaneda, Sasha Stoikov
OpenAlex · Journal of Applied Econometrics · 2007 · cites 12224

A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross‐section dependence

Abstract A number of panel unit root tests that allow for cross‐section dependence have been proposed in the literature that use orthogonalization type procedures to asymptotically eliminate the cross‐dependence of the series before standard panel unit root tests are applied to the transformed series. In this paper we propose a simple alternative where the standard augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) regressions are augmen

M. Hashem Pesaran
OpenAlex · The Journal of Finance · 2000 · cites 1005

Option Prices, Implied Price Processes, and Stochastic Volatility

This paper characterizes all continuous price processes that are consistent with current option prices. This extends Derman and Kani (1994) , Dupire (1994 , 1997 ), and Rubinstein (1994) , who only consider processes with deterministic volatility. Our characterization implies a volatility forecast that does not require a specific model, only current option prices. We show how arbitrary volatility processes can be adj

Mark Britten‐Jones, Anthony Neuberger
Semantic Scholar · Journal of international financial markets, institutions, and money · 2020 · cites 6

No-arbitrage determinants of credit spread curves under the unconventional monetary policy regime in Japan

Abstract We introduce an affine term structure model with observed macroeconomic factors for credit spread curves under the unconventional monetary policy regime in Japan. Empirical results based on the model selection using Japanese data demonstrate that the credit spread curves are dominated by the monetary policy and suggest that global economic forces, such as the U.S. Treasury yield and Baa-Aaa credit spread, pl

Tatsuyoshi Okimoto, Sumiko Takaoka
Semantic Scholar · Financial Innovation · 2024 · cites 1

Impact of implicit government guarantee on the credit spread of urban construction investment bonds

Financing sources for urban construction have garnered significant attention globally. Among various financing methods, the urban construction investment bond (UCIB) is unique to China. The UCIB credit spread, which represents the compensation for credit risk, has become a focal point for researchers. However, owing to shortcomings of previous approaches, few scholars have accurately assessed the impact of implicit g

Rongda Chen, Han Li, Xuhui Tang, Chenglu Jin, Shuonan Zhang
arXiv · arXiv · 2026

Corporate Bond Yield Curve Modeling: A Rating-Based Regime-Switching Generalized CIR Approach

Persistent shifts in term-structure dynamics undermine the stability of single-regime models in long samples. We develop an arbitrage-free regime-switching generalized CIR (RS-GCIR) model that jointly prices the Chinese government bond (CGB) curve and corporate bond curves. To capture the systematic transmission from interest-rate conditions to credit spreads, we structure the model into two blocks and price corporat

Maochun Xu, Yunqi Liang, Yi Hong
OpenAlex · Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence · 2020 · cites 133

Adaptive Quantitative Trading: An Imitative Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach

In recent years, considerable efforts have been devoted to developing AI techniques for finance research and applications. For instance, AI techniques (e.g., machine learning) can help traders in quantitative trading (QT) by automating two tasks: market condition recognition and trading strategies execution. However, existing methods in QT face challenges such as representing noisy high-frequent financial data and fi

Yang Liu, Qi Liu, Hongke Zhao, Pan Zhen, Chuanren Liu
arXiv · arXiv · 2024

Degree of Irrationality: Sentiment and Implied Volatility Surface

In this study, we constructed daily high-frequency sentiment data and used the VAR method to attempt to predict the next day's implied volatility surface. We utilized 630,000 text data entries from the East Money Stock Forum from 2014 to 2023 and employed deep learning methods such as BERT and LSTM to build daily market sentiment indicators. By applying FFT and EMD methods for sentiment decomposition, we found that h

Jiahao Weng, Yan Xie
arXiv · arXiv · 2023

The implied volatility surface (also) is path-dependent

We propose a new model for the forecasting of both the implied volatility surfaces and the underlying asset price. In the spirit of Guyon and Lekeufack (2023) who are interested in the dependence of volatility indices (e.g. the VIX) on the paths of the associated equity indices (e.g. the S\&P 500), we first study how vanilla options implied volatility can be predicted using the past trajectory of the underlying asset

Hervé Andrès, Alexandre Boumezoued, Benjamin Jourdain
arXiv · arXiv · 2019

Forecasting security's volatility using low-frequency historical data, high-frequency historical data and option-implied volatility

Low-frequency historical data, high-frequency historical data and option data are three major sources, which can be used to forecast the underlying security's volatility. In this paper, we propose two econometric models, which integrate three information sources. In GARCH-Itô-OI model, we assume that the option-implied volatility can influence the security's future volatility, and the option-implied volatility is tre

Huiling Yuan, Yong Zhou, Zhiyuan Zhang, Xiangyu Cui
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2017

Counterparty Trading Limits Revisited:CSAs, IM, SwapAgent(r), from PFE to PFL

The utility of Potential Future Exposure (PFE) for counterparty trading limits is being challenged by new market developments, notably widespread regulatory Initial Margin (using 99% 10-day exposure), and netting of trade and collateral flows. However PFE has pre-existing challenges w.r.t. portfolios/distributions, collateralization, netting set seniority, and overlaps with CVA. We introduce Potential Future Loss (PF

Chris Kenyon, Mourad Berrahoui, Benjamin Poncet
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2006

Topological Properties of the Minimal Spanning Tree in Korean and American Stock Markets

We investigate a factor that can affect the number of links of a specific stock in a network between stocks created by the minimal spanning tree (MST) method, by using individual stock data listed on the S&P500 and KOSPI. Among the common factors mentioned in the arbitrage pricing model (APM), widely acknowledged in the financial field, a representative market index is established as a possible factor. We found that

Cheoljun Eom, Gabjin Oh, Seunghwan Kim
OpenAlex · The Journal of Finance · 1996 · cites 2067

Optimal Capital Structure, Endogenous Bankruptcy, and the Term Structure of Credit Spreads

ABSTRACT This article examines the optimal capital structure of a firm that can choose both the amount and maturity of its debt. Bankruptcy is determined endogenously rather than by the imposition of a positive net worth condition or by a cash flow constraint. The results extend Leland's (1994a) closed‐form results to a much richer class of possible debt structures and permit study of the optimal maturity of debt as

Hayne E. Leland, Klaus Bjerre Toft
OpenAlex · Review of International Political Economy · 2016 · cites 273

The (impossible) repo trinity: the political economy of repo markets

In its capacity as debt issuer, the state has played a growing role in financial life over the last 30 years. To examine this role and connect it to shadow banking, the paper develops the concept of the ‘repo trinity’, which captures a set of policy objectives that central banks outlined after the 1998 Russian crisis, the first systemic crisis of collateral-based finance. The repo trinity connected financial stabilit

Daniela Gabor
Wiki Entities · 36
Economy

China Credit Impulse

China credit impulse measures the change in new credit growth relative to GDP and is widely used as a leading indicator for Chinese demand and global cyclical momentum.

Banking

Bank CDS Index

Bank CDS Index tracks the cost of insuring major bank credit risk and serves as a real-time indicator of banking-system stress and confidence.

Derivatives

VIX Term Structure

VIX term structure tracks the shape of volatility futures across maturities and helps identify whether the market is pricing stable conditions or near-term stress.

Derivatives

Skew

Skew measures the relative richness of downside versus upside implied volatility, helping track hedging demand and asymmetry in market risk pricing.

Microstructure

Primary Dealer Holdings

Primary dealer holdings track how much inventory dealers are carrying, offering insight into balance-sheet absorption, market-making capacity, and Treasury market strain.

Rates

Swap Spread

Swap spread measures the difference between interest rate swap rates and Treasury yields of similar maturity, helping track balance-sheet conditions, collateral dynamics, and structural stress in rates markets.

Economy

US 10-Year Breakeven Inflation

US 10-Year Breakeven Inflation reflects the inflation rate implied by the gap between nominal Treasuries and TIPS, serving as a market-based gauge of long-term inflation expectations.

Derivatives

VIX Index

VIX Index measures implied volatility in S&P 500 options and is widely used as a shorthand for equity market fear and risk aversion.

Credit

CDX IG Index

CDX IG Index tracks the cost of insuring a basket of North American investment-grade corporate credit and is widely used as a real-time gauge of credit stress and financial conditions.

Quant

Volatility Regime

Volatility Regime (Quant).

Derivatives

Move Index

The MOVE Index tracks implied volatility in the U.S. Treasury market and serves as a benchmark for rates uncertainty and macro stress.

Macro Policy

Neutral Rate Estimate

Neutral Rate Estimate — Estimates of the equilibrium real policy rate that separates restrictive from accommodative stance.

Macro Policy

Quantitative Tightening Pace

Quantitative Tightening Pace — The speed of balance-sheet runoff and its impact on reserves, collateral markets, and term funding.

Macro Policy

Foreign Exchange Intervention

Foreign Exchange Intervention — Official buying or selling of currency to manage disorderly moves and imported inflation.

Economy

Phillips Curve

Phillips Curve — The relationship between labor market tightness and inflation dynamics, heavily debated in post-pandemic regimes.

Economy

Output Gap

Output Gap — Estimated distance of GDP from potential output, informing policy reaction functions.

Economy

GDP Nowcast

GDP Nowcast — High-frequency aggregation of activity data to estimate current-quarter growth in real time.

Economy

Consumer Confidence Index

Consumer Confidence Index — Household expectations that influence spending, labor supply, and political pressure on policy.

Economy

Fiscal Multiplier

Fiscal Multiplier — Estimated GDP impact per unit of government spending or tax change.

Economy

Current Account Balance

Current Account Balance — External imbalance measure linking domestic savings-investment gaps to currency pressure.

Economy

Labor Force Participation

Labor Force Participation — Supply-side labor availability affecting wage pressure and potential output estimates.

Fixed Income

Duration Risk

Duration Risk — Interest-rate sensitivity of bond portfolios, amplified in low-yield high-duration regimes.

Fixed Income

CLO Issuance

CLO Issuance — Structured credit supply that absorbs leveraged loans and shapes spread regimes.

Fixed Income

Credit Default Swap Spread

Credit Default Swap Spread — Market-implied default risk premium for single names and indices.

Fixed Income

Primary Dealer Survey

Primary Dealer Survey — Desk-level policy expectations that front-run official communications.

Derivatives

Implied Volatility Surface

Implied Volatility Surface — Strike and tenor structure of implied vol, the core object for vol trading and risk.

Derivatives

Variance Risk Premium

Variance Risk Premium — Gap between implied and realized volatility that systematic vol sellers harvest.

Derivatives

Vega Exposure

Vega Exposure — Sensitivity to implied volatility changes — core risk for vol books and structured products.

Derivatives

Theta Decay

Theta Decay — Time decay of option premium, the carry engine for systematic short-vol strategies.

Derivatives

Put Call Ratio

Put Call Ratio — Relative demand for downside protection versus upside participation.

Derivatives

Volatility Arbitrage

Volatility Arbitrage — Trading discrepancies between implied, realized, and cross-asset volatility.

Derivatives

Dispersion Trading

Dispersion Trading — Index vol versus single-name vol — a pure play on implied correlation.

Derivatives

Volatility Carry Trade

Volatility Carry Trade — Selling implied vol or rolling VIX futures in contango — crowded but regime-sensitive.

FX

FX Implied Volatility

FX Implied Volatility — Option-implied uncertainty for currency pairs, key for hedging and risk budgeting.

FX

FX Swap Implied Rate

FX Swap Implied Rate (FX).

FX

Terms of Trade Shock

Terms of Trade Shock — Relative export-import price shifts altering growth and currency paths.

Option Blackboard · 3
Encyclopedia · 24
Equity · Foundations

AAII Sentiment

AAII Sentiment (Equity).

Microstructure · Foundations

Adverse Selection carry Regime

Adverse Selection carry Regime (Microstructure).

Microstructure · Foundations

Adverse Selection disinflation Regime

Adverse Selection disinflation Regime (Microstructure).

Microstructure · Foundations

Adverse Selection easing Regime

Adverse Selection easing Regime (Microstructure).

Microstructure · Foundations

Adverse Selection liquidity-crisis Regime

Adverse Selection liquidity-crisis Regime (Microstructure).

Microstructure · Foundations

Adverse Selection recession Regime

Adverse Selection recession Regime (Microstructure).

Microstructure · Foundations

Adverse Selection reflation Regime

Adverse Selection reflation Regime (Microstructure).

Microstructure · Foundations

Adverse Selection risk-off Regime

Adverse Selection risk-off Regime (Microstructure).

Microstructure · Foundations

Adverse Selection risk-on Regime

Adverse Selection risk-on Regime (Microstructure).

Microstructure · Foundations

Adverse Selection stagflation Regime

Adverse Selection stagflation Regime (Microstructure).

Microstructure · Foundations

Adverse Selection tightening Regime

Adverse Selection tightening Regime (Microstructure).

AI Systems · Foundations

Agent Loop Budget carry Regime

Agent Loop Budget carry Regime (AI Systems).

AI Systems · Foundations

Agent Loop Budget disinflation Regime

Agent Loop Budget disinflation Regime (AI Systems).

AI Systems · Foundations

Agent Loop Budget easing Regime

Agent Loop Budget easing Regime (AI Systems).

AI Systems · Foundations

Agent Loop Budget liquidity-crisis Regime

Agent Loop Budget liquidity-crisis Regime (AI Systems).

AI Systems · Foundations

Agent Loop Budget recession Regime

Agent Loop Budget recession Regime (AI Systems).

AI Systems · Foundations

Agent Loop Budget reflation Regime

Agent Loop Budget reflation Regime (AI Systems).

AI Systems · Foundations

Agent Loop Budget risk-off Regime

Agent Loop Budget risk-off Regime (AI Systems).

AI Systems · Foundations

Agent Loop Budget risk-on Regime

Agent Loop Budget risk-on Regime (AI Systems).

AI Systems · Foundations

Agent Loop Budget stagflation Regime

Agent Loop Budget stagflation Regime (AI Systems).

AI Systems · Foundations

Agent Loop Budget tightening Regime

Agent Loop Budget tightening Regime (AI Systems).

Rates · Foundations

Ample Reserves Regime

Ample Reserves Regime (Rates).

Quant · Foundations

Arrival Price Optimal Execution

Arrival Price Optimal Execution — Trade-off between impact and timing risk in schedules.

Microstructure · Foundations

Arrival Price Slippage carry Regime

Arrival Price Slippage carry Regime (Microstructure).

Cards · 6
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