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Results for “MM” · papers 18 · wiki 36
Academic Papers · 18arXiv q-fin live 8 · desk corpus 11
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2023

IMM: An Imitative Reinforcement Learning Approach with Predictive Representation Learning for Automatic Market Making

Market making (MM) has attracted significant attention in financial trading owing to its essential function in ensuring market liquidity. With strong capabilities in sequential decision-making, Reinforcement Learning (RL) technology has achieved remarkable success in quantitative trading. Nonetheless, most existing RL-based MM methods focus on optimizing single-price level strategies which fail at frequent order canc

Hui Niu, Siyuan Li, Jiahao Zheng, Zhouchi Lin, Jian Li
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2025

MM-ARC: Multimodal Adaptive Routing of Capital with Robustness-Audited Strategy Pools

Financial trading systems must convert multimodal market history into executable positions while limiting overfitting from repeated strategy search. We introduce MM-ARC (MultiModal Adaptive Routing of Capital), which routes capital across trend, reversal, breakout, and exposure-control experts using aligned chart, numerical, and technical-text views. Within each market, regime-conditioned strategy pools are shared wi

Yang Chen, Yuchen Cao, Jacky Keung, Leilei Gan, Kun Kuang
OpenAlex · Review of Financial Studies · 2022 · cites 55

Commonality in Credit Spread Changes: Dealer Inventory and Intermediary Distress

Abstract Two intermediary-based factors—a corporate bond dealer inventory measure and a broad intermediary distress measure—explain more than 40$\%$ of the puzzling common variation in credit spread changes beyond canonical structural factors. A simple intermediary-based model with partial market segmentation accounts for intermediary factors’ explanatory power and delivers three further implications with empirical s

Zhiguo He, Paymon Khorrami, Zhaogang Song
OpenAlex · The Journal of Alternative Investments · 1998 · cites 48

Spot Returns, Roll Yield, and Diversification with Commodity Futures

MARK J. P. ANSON is affiliated with OppenheimerFunds, Inc., in New York. R ecent academic and practitioner Ž research Schneeweis 1996 ; . Schneeweis and Spurgin 1998 has emphasized the diversification benefits of a wide range of alternative investments including managed futures products as well as hedge funds. Many of these alternative investment products are based on active management strategies that often concentra

Mark J. P. Anson
arXiv · arXiv · 2026

Robust Correlation-Induced Localization Under Time-Reversal Symmetry Breaking

We study Anderson localization in a one-dimensional disordered system with long-range correlated hopping decaying as $1/r^{a}$ with complex hopping amplitudes that break time-reversal symmetry in a tunable fashion by varying their argument. We find analytically a corelation-induced algebraic localization that is robust to a finite strength of the time-reversal-symmetry-breaking parameter, beyond which all states delo

Bikram Pain, Sthitadhi Roy, Jens H. Bardarson, Ivan M. Khaymovich
arXiv · arXiv · 2026

CIVIC: Cooperative Immersion Via Intelligent Credit-sharing in DRL-Powered Metaverse

The Metaverse faces complex resource allocation challenges due to diverse Virtual Environments (VEs), Digital Twins (DTs), dynamic user demands, and strict immersion needs. This paper introduces CIVIC (Cooperative Immersion Via Intelligent Credit-sharing), a novel framework optimizing resource sharing among multiple Metaverse Service Providers (MSPs) to enhance user immersion. Unlike existing methods, CIVIC integrate

Amr Aboeleneen, Mohamed Abdallah, Aiman Erbad, Amr Salem
arXiv · arXiv · 2026

AEGIS: Adversarial Entropy-Guided Immune System -- Thermodynamic State Space Models for Zero-Day Network Evasion Detection

As TLS 1.3 encryption limits traditional Deep Packet Inspection (DPI), the security community has pivoted to Euclidean Transformer-based classifiers (e.g., ET-BERT) for encrypted traffic analysis. However, these models remain vulnerable to byte-level adversarial morphing -- recent pre-padding attacks reduced ET-BERT accuracy to 25.68%, while VLESS Reality bypasses certificate-based detection entirely. We introduce AE

Vickson Ferrel
OpenAlex · Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics · 2012 · cites 218

Financialization and Structural Change in Commodity Futures Markets

The first decade of the 21 st century has perhaps witnessed more structural change in commodity futures markets than all previous decades combined. Not only have trading volumes and open interest increased markedly, but this time period also saw historic changes in both trading and participants. The available literature indicates that the irrational and harmful impacts of the structural changes in commodity futures m

Scott H. Irwin, Dwight R. Sanders
OpenAlex · National Bureau of Economic Research · 2007 · cites 203

The Fundamentals of Commodity Futures Returns

Commodity futures risk premiums vary across commodities and over time depending on the level of physical inventories, as predicted by the Theory of Storage. Using a comprehensive dataset on 31 commodity futures and physical inventories between 1969 and 2006, we show that the convenience yield is a decreasing, non-linear relationship of inventories. Price measures, such as the futures basis, prior futures returns, and

Gary B. Gorton, Fumio Hayashi, K. Geert Rouwenhorst
arXiv · arXiv · 2026

Hierarchical Graph Learning for Calendar Spread Strategies in Commodity Futures Markets

Commodity futures can be represented hierarchically, with underlying assets at the upper level and individual futures contracts at the lower level. Entities at each level can be connected by edges reflecting inherent correlations, with cross-level edges capturing contract-to-underlying asset connections. Building on our observations of these structures, we propose a hierarchical graph learning approach for calendar s

Yoonsik Hong, Diego Klabjan
arXiv · arXiv · 2026

Macro Economists in the Machine: A Multi-Agent LLM Framework for Commodity-Related ETF Portfolio Construction

We test whether large language models (LLMs) add value in commodity portfolio construction when the information set and implementation rules are held fixed across strategies. A Hawkish Agent (inflation-tightening prior), a Dovish Agent (growth-easing prior), a Debate Agent, and a deterministic z-score Rule Agent each receive identical FRED macro z-scores and route their tilt signals through the same portfolio engine.

Yiqing Wang, Dehao Dai, Ding Ma, Kerui Geng
arXiv · arXiv · 2014

A change of measure preserving the affine structure in the BNS model for commodity markets

For a commodity spot price dynamics given by an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process with Barndorff-Nielsen and Shephard stochastic volatility, we price forwards using a class of pricing measures that simultaneously allow for change of level and speed in the mean reversion of both the price and the volatility. The risk premium is derived in the case of arithmetic and geometric spot price processes, and it is demonstrated that

Fred Espen Benth, Salvador Ortiz-Latorre
arXiv · arXiv · 2026

Mitigating Adverse Selection in Concentrated Liquidity AMMs with Dynamic Fees: An Agent-Based Model Approach

Automated Market Makers based on concentrated liquidity, such as Uniswap v3, significantly improve capital efficiency but expose Liquidity Providers (LPs) to adverse selection costs, formalized as Loss-Versus-Rebalancing (LVR). While theoretical literature quantifies these costs, the interplay between realistic blockchain microstructure and endogenous pricing mechanisms remains under-explored. This paper develops a g

Daniele Maria Di Nosse, Fabrizio Lillo
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2025

Looking into informal currency markets as Limit Order Books: impact of market makers

This study pioneers the application of the market microstructure framework to an informal financial market. By scraping data from websites and social media about the Cuban informal currency market, we model the dynamics of bid/ask intentions using a Limit Order Book (LOB). This approach enables us to study key characteristics such as liquidity, stability and volume profiles. We continue exploiting the Avellaneda-Stoi

Alejandro García Figal, Alejandro Lage Castellanos, Roberto Mulet
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2023

Market Making with Deep Reinforcement Learning from Limit Order Books

Market making (MM) is an important research topic in quantitative finance, the agent needs to continuously optimize ask and bid quotes to provide liquidity and make profits. The limit order book (LOB) contains information on all active limit orders, which is an essential basis for decision-making. The modeling of evolving, high-dimensional and low signal-to-noise ratio LOB data is a critical challenge. Traditional MM

Hong Guo, Jianwu Lin, Fanlin Huang
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2025

ARL-Based Multi-Action Market Making with Hawkes Processes and Variable Volatility

We advance market-making strategies by integrating Adversarial Reinforcement Learning (ARL), Hawkes Processes, and variable volatility levels while also expanding the action space available to market makers (MMs). To enhance the adaptability and robustness of these strategies -- which can quote always, quote only on one side of the market or not quote at all -- we shift from the commonly used Poisson process to the H

Ziyi Wang, Carmine Ventre, Maria Polukarov
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2025

Robust Market Making: To Quote, or not To Quote

Market making is a popular trading strategy, which aims to generate profit from the spread between the quotes posted at either side of the market. It has been shown that training market makers (MMs) with adversarial reinforcement learning allows to overcome the risks due to changing market conditions and to lead to robust performances. Prior work assumes, however, that MMs keep quoting throughout the trading process,

Ziyi Wang, Carmine Ventre, Maria Polukarov
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2025

Shifting Power: Leveraging LLMs to Simulate Human Aversion in ABMs of Bilateral Financial Exchanges, A bond market study

Bilateral markets, such as those for government bonds, involve decentralized and opaque transactions between market makers (MMs) and clients, posing significant challenges for traditional modeling approaches. To address these complexities, we introduce TRIBE an agent-based model augmented with a large language model (LLM) to simulate human-like decision-making in trading environments. TRIBE leverages publicly availab

Alicia Vidler, Toby Walsh
Wiki Entities · 36
Economy

China Credit Impulse

China credit impulse measures the change in new credit growth relative to GDP and is widely used as a leading indicator for Chinese demand and global cyclical momentum.

Liquidity

Commercial Paper Spread

Commercial paper spreads track the cost of short-term corporate borrowing relative to safer benchmarks and help identify stress in corporate funding markets.

Derivatives

Skew

Skew measures the relative richness of downside versus upside implied volatility, helping track hedging demand and asymmetry in market risk pricing.

Derivatives

Dealer Gamma Positioning

Dealer gamma positioning describes whether option dealers are structurally long or short gamma, shaping how hedging flows amplify or dampen market moves.

Commodities

Copper Price

Copper price is widely used as a proxy for industrial activity, manufacturing demand, and global growth expectations.

Commodities

Baltic Dry Index

Baltic Dry Index tracks shipping rates for dry bulk commodities and offers a real-economy signal on trade flows, freight conditions, and industrial demand.

Commodities

Gold Price

Gold price reflects demand for a non-yielding reserve asset and is often used as a signal for real yields, macro uncertainty, and confidence in fiat systems.

Macro Policy

Neutral Rate Estimate

Neutral Rate Estimate — Estimates of the equilibrium real policy rate that separates restrictive from accommodative stance.

Macro Policy

Forward Guidance

Forward Guidance — How central bank language shapes term premium and front-end rate expectations before actual policy moves.

Economy

CPI Shelter Component

CPI Shelter Component — The largest CPI bucket, lagged versus spot rents, creating policy communication traps.

Fixed Income

Commercial Mortgage Delinquency

Commercial Mortgage Delinquency — Office and retail stress feeding through CRE credit and regional bank risk.

Fixed Income

Primary Dealer Survey

Primary Dealer Survey — Desk-level policy expectations that front-run official communications.

Derivatives

Gamma Hedging

Gamma Hedging — Delta adjustments by dealers that can accelerate trends or pin prices near strikes.

Derivatives

Options Open Interest

Options Open Interest — Outstanding contracts revealing crowd positioning and potential gamma walls.

Derivatives

Gamma Scalping

Gamma Scalping — Trading realized vol against a long gamma book via delta hedging.

FX

Terms of Trade Shock

Terms of Trade Shock — Relative export-import price shifts altering growth and currency paths.

Quant

Liquidity Premium

Liquidity Premium — Compensation for holding illiquid assets and providing immediacy.

Quant

Regime Switching Model

Regime Switching Model — Statistical frameworks where parameters shift between discrete market states.

Microstructure

Order Book Imbalance

Order Book Imbalance — Bid-ask size asymmetry predicting short-horizon price pressure.

Microstructure

Bid Ask Spread

Bid Ask Spread — Immediate cost of trading and compensation for liquidity providers.

Microstructure

Intraday Volatility

Intraday Volatility — Within-day return variation informing execution timing and gamma scalping.

Emerging Markets

China Property Cycle

China Property Cycle — Developer stress and land sales impacting global commodities and EM growth.

Commodities

Crude Oil Contango

Crude Oil Contango — Upward-sloping futures curve implying storage economics and weak spot demand.

Commodities

Backwardation Signal

Backwardation Signal (Commodities).

Commodities

Gold Real Yields Correlation

Gold Real Yields Correlation — Gold as non-yielding asset inversely sensitive to real rates and USD.

Commodities

Copper Gold Ratio

Copper Gold Ratio (Commodities).

Commodities

Natural Gas Storage

Natural Gas Storage — Inventory levels driving seasonal price spikes and energy inflation.

Commodities

Commodity Carry

Commodity Carry — Return from rolling futures along the curve — core systematic commodity strategy.

Commodities

Roll Yield Strategy

Roll Yield Strategy (Commodities).

Derivatives

Volga Exposure

Volga Exposure (Derivatives).

Derivatives

Zomma Greek

Zomma Greek (Derivatives).

Derivatives

Dealer Gamma Exposure

Dealer Gamma Exposure — Aggregate market-maker gamma that can damp or amplify spot.

Derivatives

CVOL Index

CVOL Index (Derivatives).

Derivatives

Dollar Gamma

Dollar Gamma (Derivatives).

Quant

Inventory Risk MM

Inventory Risk MM (Quant).

Quant

Avellaneda Stoikov

Avellaneda Stoikov (Quant).

Option Blackboard · 2
Encyclopedia · 24
Microstructure · Foundations

Adverse Selection Cost

Adverse Selection Cost — Loss MM suffer when trading against informed counterparties.

Commodities · Foundations

Ag Weather Risk aluminum

Ag Weather Risk aluminum — Commodity curve, inventory, or geopolitics-linked supply concept.

Commodities · Foundations

Ag Weather Risk Brent

Ag Weather Risk Brent — Commodity curve, inventory, or geopolitics-linked supply concept.

Commodities · Foundations

Ag Weather Risk copper

Ag Weather Risk copper — Commodity curve, inventory, or geopolitics-linked supply concept.

Commodities · Foundations

Ag Weather Risk corn

Ag Weather Risk corn — Commodity curve, inventory, or geopolitics-linked supply concept.

Commodities · Foundations

Ag Weather Risk gold

Ag Weather Risk gold — Commodity curve, inventory, or geopolitics-linked supply concept.

Commodities · Foundations

Ag Weather Risk HH

Ag Weather Risk HH — Commodity curve, inventory, or geopolitics-linked supply concept.

Commodities · Foundations

Ag Weather Risk iron ore

Ag Weather Risk iron ore — Commodity curve, inventory, or geopolitics-linked supply concept.

Commodities · Foundations

Ag Weather Risk JKM

Ag Weather Risk JKM — Commodity curve, inventory, or geopolitics-linked supply concept.

Commodities · Foundations

Ag Weather Risk nickel

Ag Weather Risk nickel — Commodity curve, inventory, or geopolitics-linked supply concept.

Commodities · Foundations

Ag Weather Risk RBOB

Ag Weather Risk RBOB — Commodity curve, inventory, or geopolitics-linked supply concept.

Commodities · Foundations

Ag Weather Risk silver

Ag Weather Risk silver — Commodity curve, inventory, or geopolitics-linked supply concept.

Commodities · Foundations

Ag Weather Risk soy

Ag Weather Risk soy — Commodity curve, inventory, or geopolitics-linked supply concept.

Commodities · Foundations

Ag Weather Risk TTF

Ag Weather Risk TTF — Commodity curve, inventory, or geopolitics-linked supply concept.

Commodities · Foundations

Ag Weather Risk ULSD

Ag Weather Risk ULSD — Commodity curve, inventory, or geopolitics-linked supply concept.

Commodities · Foundations

Ag Weather Risk wheat

Ag Weather Risk wheat — Commodity curve, inventory, or geopolitics-linked supply concept.

Commodities · Foundations

Ag Weather Risk WTI

Ag Weather Risk WTI — Commodity curve, inventory, or geopolitics-linked supply concept.

Commodities · Foundations

Ag Weather Risk zinc

Ag Weather Risk zinc — Commodity curve, inventory, or geopolitics-linked supply concept.

Commodities · Foundations

Agricultural Weather Risk

Agricultural Weather Risk — Crop yields and prices driven by growing-season weather.

Commodities · Foundations

Backwardation Signal

Backwardation Signal (Commodities).

Commodities · Foundations

Baltic Dry Index

Baltic Dry Index tracks shipping rates for dry bulk commodities and offers a real-economy signal on trade flows, freight conditions, and industrial demand.

Commodities · Foundations

Battery Metal Squeeze aluminum

Battery Metal Squeeze aluminum (Commodities).

Commodities · Foundations

Battery Metal Squeeze Brent

Battery Metal Squeeze Brent (Commodities).

Commodities · Foundations

Battery Metal Squeeze copper

Battery Metal Squeeze copper (Commodities).

Cards · 2
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