Search

Search

Papers, wiki, Option Blackboard, encyclopedia, and cards.

Results for “call” · papers 18 · wiki 26
Academic Papers · 18arXiv q-fin live 8 · desk corpus 321
arXiv · arXiv · 2026

When large trades are not (automatically) news: liquidity tail risk and price discovery

We examine how heavy-tailed liquidity demand changes price discovery in a sequential limit order book with asymmetric information. In our setting, liquidity suppliers observe aggregate order flow, not its decomposition into informed demand and uninformed liquidity shocks. With heavy-tailed uninformed aggregated order flow, large trades remain plausibly uninformed over a wider range of depths, flattening price impact

Umut Çetin, Mingwei Lin, Giulia Livieri
arXiv · arXiv · 2021

Callable convertible bonds under liquidity constraints and hybrid priorities

This paper investigates the callable convertible bond problem in the presence of a liquidity constraint modelled by Poisson signals. We assume that neither the bondholder nor the firm has absolute priority when they stop the game simultaneously, but instead, a proportion $m\in[0,1]$ of the bond is converted to the firm's stock and the rest is called by the firm. The paper thus generalizes the special case studied in

David Hobson, Gechun Liang, Edward Wang
arXiv · arXiv · 2019

Optimal valuation of American callable credit default swaps under drawdown of Lévy insurance risk process

This paper discusses the valuation of credit default swaps, where default is announced when the reference asset price has gone below certain level from the last record maximum, also known as the high-water mark or drawdown. We assume that the protection buyer pays premium at fixed rate when the asset price is above a pre-specified level and continuously pays whenever the price increases. This payment scheme is in fav

Zbigniew Palmowski, Budhi Surya
arXiv · arXiv · 2026

Multi-Credit Calibration via Elastically Stopped Lévy Processes

We calibrate credit default swaps and index tranches with elastically stopped Lévy processes: each firm defaults when the running supremum of a latent, spectrally positive distress process crosses an independent exponential barrier. This yields a Cox construction with totally inaccessible default times, while retaining the interpretability and explicit formulas of a structural approach. Adding a single common compoun

Graeme Baker, Agostino Capponi
arXiv · arXiv · 2026

RED-2400: A Public Benchmark of Algorithmically-Rejected Trading Events with Outcome Labels

RED-2400 is a public benchmark of 6,660 algorithmically-rejected trading events from a live Solana decentralised-exchange filter stack, observed continuously over 22 calendar days (2026-04-10T21:10Z through 2026-05-02T21:48Z, UTC). Each rejection event is linked to its post-rejection price-and-liquidity trajectory. The deposit contains 169,123 forward-outcome observations and 1,837 graveyard-tracker lifecycle snapsho

Arati U. Kamat
arXiv · arXiv · 2026

Asymptotically-informed neural networks for Black-Scholes implied volatility computation

The computation of Black-Scholes implied volatility is a fundamental task in quantitative finance, underpinning option valuation, model calibration and risk management. Although implied volatility is routinely used in practice, the inversion of the Black-Scholes pricing formula remains a challenging numerical problem, particularly in asymptotic regimes corresponding to extreme option prices, strikes or maturities, wh

Samira Amiriyan, Youness Boutaib
arXiv · arXiv · 2026

Tuning in to Frequencies: How Global Assets Align with U.S. Put-Call Parity Residuals

Put-call parity is risk-neutral at terminal payoff, but its enforcement is path-dependent and capital-using. I test whether the SPX and RUT carry gap is explained by OIS-based funding, volatility, trading-friction, and financial-condition variables, or also by residual outside-option information. Adding IEFA, IGOV, and IAU improves in-sample and leave-one-year-out fit after U.S.-centered controls. Gains survive broad

Useong Shin
arXiv · arXiv · 2026

Towards Chemically Accurate and Scalable Quantum Simulations on IQM Quantum Hardware: A Quantum-HPC Hybrid Approach

We present a large-scale experimental study of quantum-computing-based molecular simulation carried out on IQM's Sirius 24-qubit superconducting processor, utilizing up to 16 operational qubits. The work employs Sample-based Quantum Diagonalization (SQD) together with the Local Unitary Cluster Jastrow (LUCJ) ansatz to estimate ground-state energies for a set of benchmark molecules, including H$_2$, LiH, BeH$_2$, H$_2

Anurag K. S. V., Ashish Kumar Patra, Manas Mukherjee, Alok Shukla, Sai Shankar P.
arXiv · arXiv · 2026

ARTEMIS: A Neuro Symbolic Framework for Economically Constrained Market Dynamics

Deep learning models in quantitative finance often operate as black boxes, lacking interpretability and failing to incorporate fundamental economic principles such as no-arbitrage constraints. This paper introduces ARTEMIS (Arbitrage-free Representation Through Economic Models and Interpretable Symbolics), a novel neuro-symbolic framework combining a continuous-time Laplace Neural Operator encoder, a neural stochasti

Rahul D Ray
arXiv · arXiv · 2025

Corporate Earnings Calls and Analyst Beliefs

Economic behavior is shaped not only by quantitative information but also by the narratives through which such information is communicated and interpreted (Shiller, 2017). I show that narratives extracted from earnings calls significantly improve the prediction of both realized earnings and analyst expectations. To uncover the underlying mechanisms, I introduce a novel text-morphing methodology in which large languag

Giuseppe Matera
arXiv · arXiv · 2024

MLP, XGBoost, KAN, TDNN, and LSTM-GRU Hybrid RNN with Attention for SPX and NDX European Call Option Pricing

We explore the performance of various artificial neural network architectures, including a multilayer perceptron (MLP), Kolmogorov-Arnold network (KAN), LSTM-GRU hybrid recursive neural network (RNN) models, and a time-delay neural network (TDNN) for pricing European call options. In this study, we attempt to leverage the ability of supervised learning methods, such as ANNs, KANs, and gradient-boosted decision trees,

Boris Ter-Avanesov, Homayoon Beigi
arXiv · arXiv · 2023

The Recalibration Conundrum: Hedging Valuation Adjustment for Callable Claims

The dynamic hedging theory only makes sense in the setup of one given model, whereas the practice of dynamic hedging is just the opposite, with models fleeing after the data through daily recalibration. This is quite of a quantitative finance paradox. In this paper we revisit Burnett (2021) \& Burnett and Williams (2021)'s notion of hedging valuation adjustment (HVA), originally intended to deal with dynamic hedging

Cyril Bénézet, Stéphane Crépey, Dounia Essaket
arXiv · arXiv · 2023

Mitigating Decentralized Finance Liquidations with Reversible Call Options

Liquidations in Decentralized Finance (DeFi) are both a blessing and a curse -- whereas liquidations prevent lenders from capital loss, they simultaneously lead to liquidation spirals and system-wide failures. Since most lending and borrowing protocols assume liquidations are indispensable, there is an increased interest in alternative constructions that prevent immediate systemic-failure under uncertain circumstance

Kaihua Qin, Jens Ernstberger, Liyi Zhou, Philipp Jovanovic, Arthur Gervais
arXiv · arXiv · 2021

Perpetual callable American volatility options in a mean-reverting volatility model

This paper investigates problems associated with the valuation of callable American volatility put options. Our approach involves modeling volatility dynamics as a mean-reverting 3/2 volatility process. We first propose a pricing formula for the perpetual American knock-out put. Under the given conditions, the value of perpetual callable American volatility put options is discussed.

Hsuan-Ku Liu
arXiv · arXiv · 2021

Clearing prices under margin calls and the short squeeze

In this paper, we propose a clearing model for prices in a financial markets due to margin calls on short sold assets. In doing so, we construct an explicit formulation for the prices that would result immediately following asset purchases and a margin call. The key result of this work is the determination of a threshold short interest ratio which, if exceeded, results in the discontinuity of the clearing prices due

Zachary Feinstein
arXiv · arXiv · 2020

A Generic Methodology for the Statistically Uniform & Comparable Evaluation of Automated Trading Platform Components

Although machine learning approaches have been widely used in the field of finance, to very successful degrees, these approaches remain bespoke to specific investigations and opaque in terms of explainability, comparability, and reproducibility. The primary objective of this research was to shed light upon this field by providing a generic methodology that was investigation-agnostic and interpretable to a financial m

Artur Sokolovsky, Luca Arnaboldi
arXiv · arXiv · 2019

Long Run Feedback in the Broker Call Money Market

I unravel the basic long run dynamics of the broker call money market, which is the pile of cash that funds margin loans to retail clients (read: continuous time Kelly gamblers). Call money is assumed to supply itself perfectly inelastically, and to continuously reinvest all principal and interest. I show that the relative size of the money market (that is, relative to the Kelly bankroll) is a martingale that nonethe

Alex Garivaltis
arXiv · arXiv · 2019

PDE models for the valuation of a non callable defaultable coupon bond under an extended JDCEV model

We consider a two-factor model for the valuation of a non callable defaultable bond which pays coupons at certain given dates. The model under consideration is the Jump to Default Constant Elasticity of Variance (JDCEV) model. The JDCEV model is an improvement of the reduced form approach, which unifies credit and equity models into a single framework allowing for stochastic and possible negative interest rates. From

M. C. Calvo-Garrido, S. Diop, A. Pascucci, C. Vázquez
Wiki Entities · 26
AI Systems

Agent Workflow

An agent workflow is a structured loop that plans, calls tools or models, observes results, and repeats until a stop condition — a pipeline with memory, contracts, and failure handling rather than a single completion.

Credit

Convertible Bond

A convertible is a bond plus an embedded call on the issuer’s stock — credit with equity convexity, or equity with a coupon, depending on the delta.

CTA

Crack Spread CTA Sleeve

Refinery margin: long gasoline and distillate, short crude, in a stated ratio — energy RV rather than a WTI call.

Derivatives

Call Option

A call option is the right, not the obligation, to buy the underlying at a strike by expiry — convex upside for a premium.

Derivatives

Collar

A collar is long stock, long a put, and short a call — a banded payoff, often structured to be zero-debit.

Derivatives

Covered Call

A covered call is long the stock and short a call — you sell upside for premium and keep the downside.

Derivatives

Put-Call Parity

Put-call parity is the no-arbitrage link C − P = F − K (discounted) — a European call and put with the same K and T are one instrument plus cash.

Derivatives

Risk Reversal

Risk Reversal — Call-put spread package measuring directional skew in FX and equity options.

Derivatives

Straddle

A straddle is a call and a put at the same strike — a bet on a large move, long or short, without picking direction.

Derivatives

Strangle

A strangle is an OTM call plus an OTM put — cheaper than a straddle, needs a bigger move, same vol-vs-realized logic.

Desk Slang

Gamma Squeeze

A gamma squeeze is a price spiral where dealer hedging of short call (or put) gamma forces them to buy rallies and sell dips, amplifying the move that created the gamma.

Economy

Recession

A recession is a significant, persistent, broad decline in activity — in the US, an NBER call, not the two-negative-quarters rule.

Equity

Market Correction

A correction is a drawdown that is large enough to notice and not yet large enough to be called a bear — folk usage is about −10%.

Equity

Share Buyback

A share buyback is the firm purchasing its own stock, shrinking share count and distributing cash without calling it a dividend.

Fixed Income

Callable Bond

A callable bond lets the issuer redeem early at a schedule of prices — you sold a call to the issuer and should be paid for it.

Fixed Income

Option-Adjusted Spread

Option-Adjusted Spread — Spread adjusted for embedded prepayment options in callable bonds and MBS.

Fixed Income

Yield to Worst

Yield to worst is the lowest yield among the plausible call, put, and maturity paths — the conservative quote on an embedded-option bond.

Liquidity

LIBOR-OIS Spread

LIBOR-OIS spread tracks the gap between unsecured bank funding rates and overnight indexed swap rates, historically serving as a benchmark for banking-system stress.

Liquidity

Margin Call

A margin call is a demand to post more collateral when the account equity falls below maintenance — pay, pledge, or be sold out.

Liquidity

TED Spread

TED Spread measures the difference between interbank lending rates and short-term U.S. government bill yields, historically used as a gauge of credit and funding stress.

Quant

Efficient Market Hypothesis

EMH says prices reflect available information so that you cannot systematically earn risk-adjusted profits from that information — a benchmark, not a religion.

Strategies

Asset Class Trend-Following

Hold each broad asset class only when it is in an uptrend (typically above a long moving average); otherwise sit in cash or bills.

Strategies

Commodity Crack / Calendar Spread

Trade refined-product minus crude (crack) or nearby-versus-deferred calendars — commodity relative value, not a directional oil call.

Strategies

Halloween / Sell in May

Hold equities November–April and step aside May–October — the two-season calendar, also called the Halloween indicator.

Strategies

Pairs Trading with Stocks

Trade a spread between two historically linked stocks when it is statistically wide, and unwind when it mean-reverts.

Strategies

Value Factor — CAPE Effect within Countries

Overweight cheap country indexes on CAPE (or similar cyclically adjusted earnings yield) and underweight rich ones.

Option Blackboard · 1
Encyclopedia · 24
AI Systems · Foundations

Agent Workflow

An agent workflow is a structured loop that plans, calls tools or models, observes results, and repeats until a stop condition — a pipeline with memory, contracts, and failure handling rather than a single completion.

Strategies · Foundations

Asset Class Trend-Following

Hold each broad asset class only when it is in an uptrend (typically above a long moving average); otherwise sit in cash or bills.

Derivatives · Foundations

Call Option

A call option is the right, not the obligation, to buy the underlying at a strike by expiry — convex upside for a premium.

Fixed Income · Foundations

Callable Bond

A callable bond lets the issuer redeem early at a schedule of prices — you sold a call to the issuer and should be paid for it.

Derivatives · Foundations

Collar

A collar is long stock, long a put, and short a call — a banded payoff, often structured to be zero-debit.

Strategies · Foundations

Commodity Crack / Calendar Spread

Trade refined-product minus crude (crack) or nearby-versus-deferred calendars — commodity relative value, not a directional oil call.

Credit · Foundations

Convertible Bond

A convertible is a bond plus an embedded call on the issuer’s stock — credit with equity convexity, or equity with a coupon, depending on the delta.

Derivatives · Foundations

Covered Call

A covered call is long the stock and short a call — you sell upside for premium and keep the downside.

CTA · Foundations

Crack Spread CTA Sleeve

Refinery margin: long gasoline and distillate, short crude, in a stated ratio — energy RV rather than a WTI call.

Quant · Foundations

Efficient Market Hypothesis

EMH says prices reflect available information so that you cannot systematically earn risk-adjusted profits from that information — a benchmark, not a religion.

Desk Slang · Foundations

Gamma Squeeze

A gamma squeeze is a price spiral where dealer hedging of short call (or put) gamma forces them to buy rallies and sell dips, amplifying the move that created the gamma.

Strategies · Foundations

Halloween / Sell in May

Hold equities November–April and step aside May–October — the two-season calendar, also called the Halloween indicator.

Liquidity · Foundations

LIBOR-OIS Spread

LIBOR-OIS spread tracks the gap between unsecured bank funding rates and overnight indexed swap rates, historically serving as a benchmark for banking-system stress.

Liquidity · Foundations

Margin Call

A margin call is a demand to post more collateral when the account equity falls below maintenance — pay, pledge, or be sold out.

Equity · Foundations

Market Correction

A correction is a drawdown that is large enough to notice and not yet large enough to be called a bear — folk usage is about −10%.

Fixed Income · Foundations

Option-Adjusted Spread

Option-Adjusted Spread — Spread adjusted for embedded prepayment options in callable bonds and MBS.

Strategies · Foundations

Pairs Trading with Stocks

Trade a spread between two historically linked stocks when it is statistically wide, and unwind when it mean-reverts.

Derivatives · Foundations

Put-Call Parity

Put-call parity is the no-arbitrage link C − P = F − K (discounted) — a European call and put with the same K and T are one instrument plus cash.

Economy · Foundations

Recession

A recession is a significant, persistent, broad decline in activity — in the US, an NBER call, not the two-negative-quarters rule.

Derivatives · Foundations

Risk Reversal

Risk Reversal — Call-put spread package measuring directional skew in FX and equity options.

Equity · Foundations

Share Buyback

A share buyback is the firm purchasing its own stock, shrinking share count and distributing cash without calling it a dividend.

Derivatives · Foundations

Straddle

A straddle is a call and a put at the same strike — a bet on a large move, long or short, without picking direction.

Derivatives · Foundations

Strangle

A strangle is an OTM call plus an OTM put — cheaper than a straddle, needs a bigger move, same vol-vs-realized logic.

Liquidity · Foundations

TED Spread

TED Spread measures the difference between interbank lending rates and short-term U.S. government bill yields, historically used as a gauge of credit and funding stress.

Cards · 1
← Back to Codex