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Results for “spread” · papers 18 · wiki 36
Academic Papers · 18arXiv q-fin live 8 · desk corpus 33
Semantic Scholar · Journal of international financial markets, institutions, and money · 2020 · cites 6

No-arbitrage determinants of credit spread curves under the unconventional monetary policy regime in Japan

Abstract We introduce an affine term structure model with observed macroeconomic factors for credit spread curves under the unconventional monetary policy regime in Japan. Empirical results based on the model selection using Japanese data demonstrate that the credit spread curves are dominated by the monetary policy and suggest that global economic forces, such as the U.S. Treasury yield and Baa-Aaa credit spread, pl

Tatsuyoshi Okimoto, Sumiko Takaoka
Semantic Scholar · Financial Innovation · 2024 · cites 1

Impact of implicit government guarantee on the credit spread of urban construction investment bonds

Financing sources for urban construction have garnered significant attention globally. Among various financing methods, the urban construction investment bond (UCIB) is unique to China. The UCIB credit spread, which represents the compensation for credit risk, has become a focal point for researchers. However, owing to shortcomings of previous approaches, few scholars have accurately assessed the impact of implicit g

Rongda Chen, Han Li, Xuhui Tang, Chenglu Jin, Shuonan Zhang
Semantic Scholar · The Journal of Financial Data Science · 2025 · cites 0

Graph-Based Factor Models for Interpretable Credit Spread Decomposition

Factor models are essential tools for understanding asset returns. Statistical factor models such as principal component analysis (PCA) and autoencoders have been widely used to reduce the high-dimensional panels of returns into a lower-dimensional latent space. Although effective at retaining much of the original variance, these models often lack inherent economic interpretation and rely solely on historical data, f

Ashraf Ghiye, Baptiste Barreau, Laurent Carlier, M. Vazirgiannis
arXiv · arXiv · 2024

Credit Spreads' Term Structure: Stochastic Modeling with CIR++ Intensity

This paper introduces a novel stochastic model for credit spreads. The stochastic approach leverages the diffusion of default intensities via a CIR++ model and is formulated within a risk-neutral probability space. Our research primarily addresses two gaps in the literature. The first is the lack of credit spread models founded on a stochastic basis that enables continuous modeling, as many existing models rely on fa

Mohamed Ben Alaya, Ahmed Kebaier, Djibril Sarr
arXiv · arXiv · 2024

The puzzle of Carbon Allowance spread

A growing number of contributions in the literature have identified a puzzle in the European carbon allowance (EUA) market. Specifically, a persistent cost-of-carry spread (C-spread) over the risk-free rate has been observed. We are the first to explain the anomalous C-spread with the credit spread of the corporates involved in the emission trading scheme. We obtain statistical evidence that the C-spread is cointegra

Michele Azzone, Roberto Baviera, Pietro Manzoni
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2016

Spread, volatility, and volume relationship in financial markets and market making profit optimization

We study the relationship between price spread, volatility and trading volume. We find that spread forms as a result of interplay between order liquidity and order impact. When trading volume is small adding more liquidity helps improve price accuracy and reduce spread, but after some point additional liquidity begins to deteriorate price. The model allows to connect the bid-ask spread and high-low bars to measurable

Jack Sarkissian
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2011

Dynamics of Bid-ask Spread Return and Volatility of the Chinese Stock Market

Bid-ask spread is taken as an important measure of the financial market liquidity. In this article, we study the dynamics of the spread return and the spread volatility of four liquid stocks in the Chinese stock market, including the memory effect and the multifractal nature. By investigating the autocorrelation function and the Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA), we find that the spread return is lack of long-rang

Tian Qiu, Guang Chen, Li-Xin Zhong, Xiao-Run Wu
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2026

Trading Electrons: Predicting DART Spread Spikes in ISO Electricity Markets

We study the problem of forecasting and optimally trading day-ahead versus real-time (DART) price spreads in U.S. wholesale electricity markets. Building on the framework of Galarneau-Vincent et al., we extend spike prediction from a single zone to a multi-zone setting and treat both positive and negative DART spikes within a unified statistical model. To translate directional signals into economically meaningful pos

Emma Hubert, Dimitrios Lolas, Ronnie Sircar
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2019

Stochastic Spread Pairs Trading in the Indian Commodity Market

In this study, we applied a stochastic spread pairs trading strategy on the Indian commodity market. The complete set of commodities were taken whose spot price was available for the period of January 1st 2010 to December 31st 2018 including energy, metals and the agricultural commodity sector. Spot data was taken from the MCX pooled spot prices for 17 commodities. The data was split into training period (January 1st

Dhruv Mahajan, Abhijeet Chandra
OpenAlex · American Economic Review · 2012 · cites 2242

Credit Spreads and Business Cycle Fluctuations

Using micro-level data, we construct a credit spread index with considerable predictive power for future economic activity. We decompose the credit spread into a component that captures firm-specific information on expected defaults and a residual component–– the excess bond premium. Shocks to the excess bond premium that are orthogonal to the current state of the economy lead to declines in economic activity and ass

Simon Gilchrist, Egon Zakrajšek
OpenAlex · Review of Financial Studies · 2009 · cites 608

Explaining Credit Default Swap Spreads with the Equity Volatility and Jump Risks of Individual Firms

This paper attempts to explain the credit default swap (CDS) premium, using a novel approach to identify the volatility and jump risks of individual firms from high-frequency equity prices. Our empirical results suggest that the volatility risk alone predicts 48% of the variation in CDS spread levels, whereas the jump risk alone forecasts 19%. After controlling for credit ratings, macroeconomic conditions, and firms'

Benjamin Yibin Zhang, Hao Zhou, Haibin Zhu
OpenAlex · The Journal of Finance · 2007 · cites 1130

Corporate Yield Spreads and Bond Liquidity

ABSTRACT We find that liquidity is priced in corporate yield spreads. Using a battery of liquidity measures covering over 4,000 corporate bonds and spanning both investment grade and speculative categories, we find that more illiquid bonds earn higher yield spreads, and an improvement in liquidity causes a significant reduction in yield spreads. These results hold after controlling for common bond‐specific, firm‐spec

Long Chen, David A. Lesmond, Jason Zhanshun Wei
OpenAlex · The Journal of Finance · 2001 · cites 2183

The Determinants of Credit Spread Changes

ABSTRACT Using dealer's quotes and transactions prices on straight industrial bonds, we investigate the determinants of credit spread changes. Variables that should in theory determine credit spread changes have rather limited explanatory power. Further, the residuals from this regression are highly cross‐correlated, and principal components analysis implies they are mostly driven by a single common factor. Although

Pierre Collin-Dufresn, Robert S. Goldstein, J. Spencer Martin
OpenAlex · The Journal of Finance · 2001 · cites 824

Do Credit Spreads Reflect Stationary Leverage Ratios?

ABSTRACT Most structural models of default preclude the firm from altering its capital structure. In practice, firms adjust outstanding debt levels in response to changes in firm value, thus generating mean‐reverting leverage ratios. We propose a structural model of default with stochastic interest rates that captures this mean reversion. Our model generates credit spreads that are larger for low‐leverage firms, and

Pierre Collin‐Dufresne, Robert S. Goldstein
OpenAlex · Econometrica · 2001 · cites 1388

Term Structures of Credit Spreads with Incomplete Accounting Information

We study the implications of imperfect information for term structures of credit spreads on corporate bonds. We suppose that bond investors cannot observe the issuer’s assets directly, and receive instead only periodic and imperfect accounting reports. For a setting in which the assets of the firm are a geometric Brownian motion until informed equityholders optimally liquidate, we derive the conditional distribution

Darrell Duffie, David Lando
OpenAlex · The Journal of Finance · 1996 · cites 2067

Optimal Capital Structure, Endogenous Bankruptcy, and the Term Structure of Credit Spreads

ABSTRACT This article examines the optimal capital structure of a firm that can choose both the amount and maturity of its debt. Bankruptcy is determined endogenously rather than by the imposition of a positive net worth condition or by a cash flow constraint. The results extend Leland's (1994a) closed‐form results to a much richer class of possible debt structures and permit study of the optimal maturity of debt as

Hayne E. Leland, Klaus Bjerre Toft
OpenAlex · Review of Financial Studies · 2022 · cites 55

Commonality in Credit Spread Changes: Dealer Inventory and Intermediary Distress

Abstract Two intermediary-based factors—a corporate bond dealer inventory measure and a broad intermediary distress measure—explain more than 40$\%$ of the puzzling common variation in credit spread changes beyond canonical structural factors. A simple intermediary-based model with partial market segmentation accounts for intermediary factors’ explanatory power and delivers three further implications with empirical s

Zhiguo He, Paymon Khorrami, Zhaogang Song
OpenAlex · European Journal of Finance · 2020 · cites 6

Inflation differential as a driver of cross-currency basis swap spreads

Over the last decade, the foreign exchange derivatives market has witnessed a collapse of covered interest parity (CIP). Not only does this collapse give rise to large deviations from CIP, it has unlocked a stream of exploitable arbitrage opportunities across currencies. In this paper, we introduce two new factors – inflation differential and relative economic performance – as potential drivers of deviations from CIP

Oyakhilome Ibhagui
Wiki Entities · 36
Emerging Markets

EMBI Sovereign Spread

EMBI sovereign spread measures the yield premium on emerging-market sovereign debt over U.S. Treasuries and serves as a key gauge of EM credit risk and external financing stress.

Emerging Markets

BTP-Bund Spread

BTP-Bund spread measures the yield difference between Italian and German government bonds and is a key indicator of euro-area sovereign stress and fragmentation risk.

Liquidity

Commercial Paper Spread

Commercial paper spreads track the cost of short-term corporate borrowing relative to safer benchmarks and help identify stress in corporate funding markets.

Credit

Investment Grade OAS

Investment Grade OAS measures the spread of high-quality corporate bonds over Treasuries after adjusting for embedded options, helping track broad corporate credit conditions.

Credit

High Yield OAS

High Yield OAS measures the spread of high-yield corporate bonds over risk-free Treasuries after adjusting for embedded options, serving as a key gauge of speculative credit stress.

Liquidity

LIBOR-OIS Spread

LIBOR-OIS spread tracks the gap between unsecured bank funding rates and overnight indexed swap rates, historically serving as a benchmark for banking-system stress.

Liquidity

TED Spread

TED Spread measures the difference between interbank lending rates and short-term U.S. government bill yields, historically used as a gauge of credit and funding stress.

Rates

Swap Spread

Swap spread measures the difference between interest rate swap rates and Treasury yields of similar maturity, helping track balance-sheet conditions, collateral dynamics, and structural stress in rates markets.

Macro Policy

Financial Conditions Index

A Financial Conditions Index aggregates variables such as rates, credit spreads, equities, and the dollar to measure how supportive or restrictive the market environment is for growth and risk assets.

Rates

2s10s Treasury Curve

The 2s10s Treasury curve measures the spread between 10-year and 2-year Treasury yields and is a key indicator of growth expectations, policy path, and term structure dynamics.

Credit

CDX HY Index

CDX HY Index tracks the cost of insuring a basket of North American high-yield corporate credit and serves as a sensitive gauge of credit risk appetite and stress.

Liquidity

FRA-OIS Spread

FRA-OIS spread measures the difference between interbank funding expectations and overnight indexed swap rates, often used as a gauge of banking and short-term funding stress.

Microstructure

Market Microstructure

How price actually forms through order flow, spreads, inventory, and participant interaction.

Fixed Income

Asset Swap Spread

Asset Swap Spread — Spread between bond yield and floating leg, linking credit and funding markets.

Fixed Income

Z Spread

Z Spread — Static spread over the government curve capturing credit and liquidity premium.

Fixed Income

Option-Adjusted Spread

Option-Adjusted Spread — Spread adjusted for embedded prepayment options in callable bonds and MBS.

Fixed Income

Agency MBS Basis

Agency MBS Basis — Spread between MBS and hedging Treasury futures, a core RV monitor.

Fixed Income

Leveraged Loan Index

Leveraged Loan Index — Floating-rate corporate credit sensitive to defaults, spreads, and CLO demand.

Fixed Income

CLO Issuance

CLO Issuance — Structured credit supply that absorbs leveraged loans and shapes spread regimes.

Fixed Income

Rising Stars

Rising Stars — High-yield upgrades into investment grade, often supporting spread tightening episodes.

Fixed Income

Credit Default Swap Spread

Credit Default Swap Spread — Market-implied default risk premium for single names and indices.

Derivatives

Calendar Spread

Calendar Spread — Relative vol trade across expiries exploiting term structure dislocations.

Derivatives

Risk Reversal

Risk Reversal — Call-put spread package measuring directional skew in FX and equity options.

Quant

Cointegration Pairs Trading

Cointegration Pairs Trading — Mean-reversion on stationary spreads between related instruments.

Microstructure

Bid Ask Spread

Bid Ask Spread — Immediate cost of trading and compensation for liquidity providers.

Emerging Markets

Europe Periphery Spreads

Europe Periphery Spreads — BTP-Bund and similar spreads as euro-area fragmentation gauges.

Derivatives

Implied Realized Spread

Implied Realized Spread — Gap between implied and realized vol that defines carry for short-vol books.

Derivatives

Butterfly Spread

Butterfly Spread (Derivatives).

Derivatives

Calendar Spread Options

Calendar Spread Options — Same strike across expiries expressing term-structure views.

Derivatives

Diagonal Spread

Diagonal Spread (Derivatives).

Derivatives

Ratio Spread

Ratio Spread (Derivatives).

Derivatives

Backspread

Backspread (Derivatives).

Derivatives

Box Spread Arb

Box Spread Arb (Derivatives).

Rates

ASW Spread

ASW Spread (Rates).

Rates

Jump to Default Risk

Jump to Default Risk — Sudden default risk not captured by continuous spread moves.

Quant

Kalman Filter Spread

Kalman Filter Spread (Quant).

Option Blackboard · 2
Encyclopedia · 24
Rates · Foundations

2s10s Spread 10Y

2s10s Spread 10Y (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Spread 1M

2s10s Spread 1M (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Spread 1Y

2s10s Spread 1Y (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Spread 20Y

2s10s Spread 20Y (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Spread 2Y

2s10s Spread 2Y (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Spread 30Y

2s10s Spread 30Y (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Spread 3M

2s10s Spread 3M (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Spread 5Y

2s10s Spread 5Y (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Spread 6M

2s10s Spread 6M (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Spread 7Y

2s10s Spread 7Y (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Spread belly

2s10s Spread belly (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Spread BoC

2s10s Spread BoC (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Spread BoE

2s10s Spread BoE (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Spread BoJ

2s10s Spread BoJ (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Spread ECB

2s10s Spread ECB (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Spread Fed

2s10s Spread Fed (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Spread front

2s10s Spread front (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Spread long-end

2s10s Spread long-end (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Spread PBoC

2s10s Spread PBoC (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Spread RBA

2s10s Spread RBA (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Spread ultra-long

2s10s Spread ultra-long (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

2s10s Treasury Curve

The 2s10s Treasury curve measures the spread between 10-year and 2-year Treasury yields and is a key indicator of growth expectations, policy path, and term structure dynamics.

Rates · Foundations

5s30s Spread 10Y

5s30s Spread 10Y (Rates).

Rates · Foundations

5s30s Spread 1M

5s30s Spread 1M (Rates).

Cards · 4
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