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Results for “stop” · papers 18 · wiki 21
Academic Papers · 18arXiv q-fin live 8 · desk corpus 30
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2012

Optimal starting times, stopping times and risk measures for algorithmic trading: Target Close and Implementation Shortfall

We derive explicit recursive formulas for Target Close (TC) and Implementation Shortfall (IS) in the Almgren-Chriss framework. We explain how to compute the optimal starting and stopping times for IS and TC, respectively, given a minimum trading size. We also show how to add a minimum participation rate constraint (Percentage of Volume, PVol) for both TC and IS. We also study an alternative set of risk measures for t

Mauricio Labadie, Charles-Albert Lehalle
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2018

Log-optimal portfolio and numéraire portfolio for market models stopped at a random time

This paper focuses on numéraire portfolio and log-optimal portfolio (portfolio with finite expected utility that maximizes the expected logarithm utility from terminal wealth), when a market model $(S,\mathbb F)$ -specified by its assets' price $S$ and its flow of information $\mathbb F$- is stopped at a random time $τ$. This setting covers the areas of credit risk and life insurance, where $τ$ represents the default

Tahir Choulli, Sina Yansori
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2017

Stop-loss and Leverage in optimal Statistical Arbitrage with an application to Energy market

In this paper we develop a statistical arbitrage trading strategy with two key elements in hi-frequency trading: stop-loss and leverage. We consider, as in Bertram (2009), a mean-reverting process for the security price with proportional transaction costs; we show how to introduce stop-loss and leverage in an optimal trading strategy. We focus on repeated strategies using a self-financing portfolio. For every given s

Roberto Baviera, Tommaso Santagostino Baldi
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2014

Optimal Mean Reversion Trading with Transaction Costs and Stop-Loss Exit

Motivated by the industry practice of pairs trading, we study the optimal timing strategies for trading a mean-reverting price spread. An optimal double stopping problem is formulated to analyze the timing to start and subsequently liquidate the position subject to transaction costs. Modeling the price spread by an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, we apply a probabilistic methodology and rigorously derive the optimal pric

Tim Leung, Xin Li
arXiv · arXiv · 2026

Multi-Credit Calibration via Elastically Stopped Lévy Processes

We calibrate credit default swaps and index tranches with elastically stopped Lévy processes: each firm defaults when the running supremum of a latent, spectrally positive distress process crosses an independent exponential barrier. This yields a Cox construction with totally inaccessible default times, while retaining the interpretability and explicit formulas of a structural approach. Adding a single common compoun

Graeme Baker, Agostino Capponi
arXiv · arXiv · 2026

Axient: On-Chain Credit and Loss Allocation for Leveraged Event Markets: A Venue-Agnostic Protocol for Traders, Credit Providers, Market Makers, and Liquidation Backstops

A physically backed leveraged event position requires real credit: if collateral C receives leverage L, the protocol supplies (L-1)C and uses the combined amount to acquire recognized event exposure. This paper develops a venue-agnostic on-chain credit architecture for that capital layer and an endogenous model of its capital market. It separates traders, Senior Credit LPs, market makers, liquidators, and Liquidation

Maksym Nechepurenko
arXiv · arXiv · 2022

Deep neural network expressivity for optimal stopping problems

This article studies deep neural network expression rates for optimal stopping problems of discrete-time Markov processes on high-dimensional state spaces. A general framework is established in which the value function and continuation value of an optimal stopping problem can be approximated with error at most $\varepsilon$ by a deep ReLU neural network of size at most $κd^{\mathfrak{q}} \varepsilon^{-\mathfrak{r}}$.

Lukas Gonon
arXiv · arXiv · 2020

Generalization of Affine Feedback Stock Trading Results to Include Stop-Loss Orders

The takeoff point of this paper is to generalize the existing stock trading results for a class of affine feedback controller to include consideration of a stop-loss order. Using the geometric Brownian motion as the underlying stock price model, our main result is to provide a closed-form expression for the cumulative distribution function for the trading profit or loss. In addition, we show that the affine feedback

Chung-Han Hsieh
arXiv · arXiv · 2019

Optimal Stopping and Utility in a Simple Model of Unemployment Insurance

Managing unemployment is one of the key issues in social policies. Unemployment insurance schemes are designed to cushion the financial and morale blow of loss of job but also to encourage the unemployed to seek new jobs more pro-actively due to the continuous reduction of benefit payments. In the present paper, a simple model of unemployment insurance is proposed with a focus on optimality of the individual's entry

Jason S. Anquandah, Leonid V. Bogachev
arXiv · arXiv · 2017

Optimal Trading with a Trailing Stop

Trailing stop is a popular stop-loss trading strategy by which the investor will sell the asset once its price experiences a pre-specified percentage drawdown. In this paper, we study the problem of timing buy and then sell an asset subject to a trailing stop. Under a general linear diffusion framework, we study an optimal double stopping problem with a random path-dependent maturity. Specifically, we first derive th

Tim Leung, Hongzhong Zhang
arXiv · arXiv · 2016

Distribution-Constrained Optimal Stopping

We solve the problem of optimal stopping of a Brownian motion subject to the constraint that the stopping time's distribution is a given measure consisting of finitely-many atoms. In particular, we show that this problem can be converted to a finite sequence of state-constrained optimal control problems with additional states corresponding to the conditional probability of stopping at each possible terminal time. The

Erhan Bayraktar, Christopher W. Miller
arXiv · arXiv · 2015

Analysis of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process stopped at maximum drawdown and application to trading strategies with trailing stops

We propose a strategy for automated trading, outline theoretical justification of the profitability of this strategy and overview the hypothetical results in application to currency pairs trading. The proposed methodology relies on the assumption that processes reflecting the dynamics of currency exchange rates are in a certain sense similar to the class of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes and exhibits the mean reverting

Grigory Temnov
arXiv · arXiv · 2014

A Non Convex Singular Stochastic Control Problem and its Related Optimal Stopping Boundaries

Equivalences are known between problems of singular stochastic control (SSC) with convex performance criteria and related questions of optimal stopping, see for example Karatzas and Shreve [SIAM J. Control Optim. 22 (1984)]. The aim of this paper is to investigate how far connections of this type generalise to a non convex problem of purchasing electricity. Where the classical equivalence breaks down we provide alter

Tiziano De Angelis, Giorgio Ferrari, John Moriarty
arXiv · arXiv · 2012

The solution of discretionary stopping problems with applications to the optimal timing of investment decisions

We present a methodology for obtaining explicit solutions to infinite time horizon optimal stopping problems involving general, one-dimensional, Itô diffusions, payoff functions that need not be smooth and state-dependent discounting. This is done within a framework based on dynamic programming techniques employing variational inequalities and links to the probabilistic approaches employing $r$-excessive functions an

Timothy C. Johnson
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2025

Optimal Exit Time for Liquidity Providers in Automated Market Makers

We study the problem of optimal liquidity withdrawal for a representative liquidity provider (LP) in an automated market maker (AMM). LPs earn fees from trading activity but are exposed to impermanent loss (IL) due to price fluctuations. While existing work has focused on static provision and exogenous exit strategies, we characterise the optimal exit time as the solution to a stochastic control problem with an endog

Philippe Bergault, Sébastien Bieber, Leandro Sánchez-Betancourt
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2023

Uncovering Market Disorder and Liquidity Trends Detection

The primary objective of this paper is to conceive and develop a new methodology to detect notable changes in liquidity within an order-driven market. We study a market liquidity model which allows us to dynamically quantify the level of liquidity of a traded asset using its limit order book data. The proposed metric holds potential for enhancing the aggressiveness of optimal execution algorithms, minimizing market i

Etienne Chevalier, Yadh Hafsi, Vathana Ly Vath
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2015

Liquidity Effects of Trading Frequency

In this article, we present a discrete time modeling framework, in which the shape and dynamics of a Limit Order Book (LOB) arise endogenously from an equilibrium between multiple market participants (agents). We use the proposed modeling framework to analyze the effects of trading frequency on market liquidity in a very general setting. In particular, we demonstrate the dual effect of high trading frequency. On the

Roman Gayduk, Sergey Nadtochiy
arXiv · arXiv q-fin · 2012

Alpha Representation For Active Portfolio Management and High Frequency Trading In Seemingly Efficient Markets

We introduce a trade strategy representation theorem for performance measurement and portable alpha in high frequency trading, by embedding a robust trading algorithm that describe portfolio manager market timing behavior, in a canonical multifactor asset pricing model. First, we present a spectral test for market timing based on behavioral transformation of the hedge factors design matrix. Second, we find that the t

Godfrey Charles-Cadogan
Wiki Entities · 21
AI Systems

Agent Workflow

An agent workflow is a structured loop that plans, calls tools or models, observes results, and repeats until a stop condition — a pipeline with memory, contracts, and failure handling rather than a single completion.

AI Systems

Early Stopping

Early stopping treats training time as a capacity knob: halt when a validation metric stops improving so the model does not wander into overfit.

AI Systems

Regularization

Regularization is any constraint that trades train fit for expected live error: weight decay, dropout, early stopping, data augmentation, or a simpler hypothesis class.

Banking

Deposit Insurance

Deposit insurance is a public guarantee on eligible deposits up to a cap — a run-stopper that creates moral hazard and a hard cap problem.

CTA

ATR Trailing-Stop Trend

Enter on a trend signal, then trail a stop at k × ATR behind the favorable extreme — Wilder volatility as the exit engine.

CTA

Behavioral CTA

A systematic book that targets documented investor behaviors — stops, anchoring, month-end flows — rather than a generic trend equation.

CTA

CTA Trend Following

The core CTA recipe: in each futures market, go long if the trend is up and short if it is down, size by volatility, and let the stop or the signal flip you out.

CTA

Turtle Trading System

Dennis and Eckhardt’s taught breakout: System 1 (20-day entry / 10-day exit) and System 2 (55/20), ATR unit sizing, 2-ATR stops, and pyramiding.

Economics

Liquidity Trap

A liquidity trap is a state where the policy rate is at or near the effective lower bound and extra money is hoarded rather than spent, so conventional rate cuts stop working.

Economics

Moral Hazard

Moral hazard is hidden action after a contract is signed: insurance, a guarantee, or a backstop changes the agent’s incentives and often raises the risk the principal wanted to cover.

Emerging Markets

Sudden Stop Capital Flows

Sudden Stop Capital Flows — Abrupt cessation of foreign financing forcing sharp macro adjustment.

Financial Crises

Asian Financial Crisis 1997

The 1997–98 Asian crisis was a sequence of peg breaks, bank runs, and sudden stops starting in Thailand — short-dollar corporate debt plus weak bank regulation meeting a reversal of carry.

Financial Crises

COVID Crash 2020

The February–March 2020 COVID crash was a dash-for-cash that hit even Treasuries, ended by an unprecedented joint monetary-fiscal backstop — a health shock that became a market-function crisis.

Financial Crises

Latin American Debt Crisis 1982

The 1982 Latin American debt crisis began when Mexico, then others, could not roll dollar syndicated loans after Volcker’s rate shock — a sudden stop of bank credit that became a lost decade.

Financial Crises

Panic of 1907

The Panic of 1907 was a New York trust-company run after a failed copper corner, stopped by a private J.P. Morgan syndicate — the crisis that created the Federal Reserve.

Financial Crises

Tequila Crisis 1994

Mexico’s 1994–95 tequila crisis was a devaluation-and-tesobono run after political shocks and a crawling peg that had become incredible — the first big 1990s EM capital-account crisis.

FX

Balance of Payments Crisis

Balance of Payments Crisis — Sudden stop in capital flows forcing adjustment through FX, rates, or austerity.

Liquidity

Bank Term Funding Program Usage

BTFP usage tracks how much funding banks obtain through the Bank Term Funding Program, offering insight into balance-sheet stress and demand for official liquidity backstops.

Macro Policy

Standing Repo Facility

Standing Repo Facility — The Fed backstop for repo market dysfunction and dealer balance-sheet pressure.

Microstructure

Stop-Loss Order

A stop-loss becomes a market (or stop-limit) order once a trigger trades — a planned exit that can become a gap-out.

Strategies

Trend-Following Effect in Stocks

Long stocks making new highs (or above a breakout) with a trailing stop — CTA logic on single names.

Option Blackboard · 0
No Option Blackboard entries matched.
Encyclopedia · 20
AI Systems · Foundations

Agent Workflow

An agent workflow is a structured loop that plans, calls tools or models, observes results, and repeats until a stop condition — a pipeline with memory, contracts, and failure handling rather than a single completion.

Financial Crises · Foundations

Asian Financial Crisis 1997

The 1997–98 Asian crisis was a sequence of peg breaks, bank runs, and sudden stops starting in Thailand — short-dollar corporate debt plus weak bank regulation meeting a reversal of carry.

CTA · Foundations

ATR Trailing-Stop Trend

Enter on a trend signal, then trail a stop at k × ATR behind the favorable extreme — Wilder volatility as the exit engine.

FX · Foundations

Balance of Payments Crisis

Balance of Payments Crisis — Sudden stop in capital flows forcing adjustment through FX, rates, or austerity.

Liquidity · Foundations

Bank Term Funding Program Usage

BTFP usage tracks how much funding banks obtain through the Bank Term Funding Program, offering insight into balance-sheet stress and demand for official liquidity backstops.

CTA · Foundations

Behavioral CTA

A systematic book that targets documented investor behaviors — stops, anchoring, month-end flows — rather than a generic trend equation.

Financial Crises · Foundations

COVID Crash 2020

The February–March 2020 COVID crash was a dash-for-cash that hit even Treasuries, ended by an unprecedented joint monetary-fiscal backstop — a health shock that became a market-function crisis.

CTA · Foundations

CTA Trend Following

The core CTA recipe: in each futures market, go long if the trend is up and short if it is down, size by volatility, and let the stop or the signal flip you out.

Banking · Foundations

Deposit Insurance

Deposit insurance is a public guarantee on eligible deposits up to a cap — a run-stopper that creates moral hazard and a hard cap problem.

AI Systems · Foundations

Early Stopping

Early stopping treats training time as a capacity knob: halt when a validation metric stops improving so the model does not wander into overfit.

Financial Crises · Foundations

Latin American Debt Crisis 1982

The 1982 Latin American debt crisis began when Mexico, then others, could not roll dollar syndicated loans after Volcker’s rate shock — a sudden stop of bank credit that became a lost decade.

Economics · Foundations

Liquidity Trap

A liquidity trap is a state where the policy rate is at or near the effective lower bound and extra money is hoarded rather than spent, so conventional rate cuts stop working.

Economics · Foundations

Moral Hazard

Moral hazard is hidden action after a contract is signed: insurance, a guarantee, or a backstop changes the agent’s incentives and often raises the risk the principal wanted to cover.

Financial Crises · Foundations

Panic of 1907

The Panic of 1907 was a New York trust-company run after a failed copper corner, stopped by a private J.P. Morgan syndicate — the crisis that created the Federal Reserve.

AI Systems · Foundations

Regularization

Regularization is any constraint that trades train fit for expected live error: weight decay, dropout, early stopping, data augmentation, or a simpler hypothesis class.

Macro Policy · Foundations

Standing Repo Facility

Standing Repo Facility — The Fed backstop for repo market dysfunction and dealer balance-sheet pressure.

Microstructure · Foundations

Stop-Loss Order

A stop-loss becomes a market (or stop-limit) order once a trigger trades — a planned exit that can become a gap-out.

Emerging Markets · Foundations

Sudden Stop Capital Flows

Sudden Stop Capital Flows — Abrupt cessation of foreign financing forcing sharp macro adjustment.

Strategies · Foundations

Trend-Following Effect in Stocks

Long stocks making new highs (or above a breakout) with a trailing stop — CTA logic on single names.

CTA · Foundations

Turtle Trading System

Dennis and Eckhardt’s taught breakout: System 1 (20-day entry / 10-day exit) and System 2 (55/20), ATR unit sizing, 2-ATR stops, and pyramiding.

Cards · 1
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